The potential role of giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) in the epidemiology and spread of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) SAT types was investigated by experimental infection and detection of virus in excretions using virus isolation on primary pig kidney cell cultures. In two experiments separated by a period of 24 months, groups of four animals were needle infected with a SAT-1 or SAT-2 virus, re...

Foot-and-mouth disease is an extremely infectious and devastating disease affecting all species of cloven-hoofed animals. To understand the epidemiology of the causative virus and predict viral transmission dynamics, quantified transmission parameters are essential to decision makers and modellers alike. However, such quantified parameters are scarcely available, and recently a series of animal...

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious viral disease of livestock with significant economic effect. It is prevalent in various regions of Asia, Africa, and South America. The causative agent of this disease is called foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), which is a member of Aphthovirus genus. Vaccination is an effective technique to prevent the complications of FMD and to eradicate the di...

When the error rate during the copying of genetic material exceeds a threshold value, the genetic information cannot be maintained. This concept is the basis of a new antiviral strategy termed lethal mutagenesis or virus entry into error catastrophe. Critical for its success is preventing survival of residual infectious virus or virus mutants that escape the transition into error catastrophe. H...

Fading immune protection in farmed animals may present a problem, particularly in free-ranging animals in nomadic and transhumant pastoral systems, where animals are not readily available for large-scale blanket vaccination programmes. Two veterinary examples of fading immune protection are discussed: rinderpest and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Both are devastating viral diseases of cattle tha...

the aim pf the present study was to compare three different methods for detection of food and mouth disease virus antigens(a, asia1, o1)from mouth epithelium samples and also to monitore the distribution of fmdv serotypes 338 cattle and 34 sheep of iran during 2000-2001. the suspension fluids of processed tongue epithelium samples were clarified by centrifugation and tested for presence of fmdv...

Hand, foot and mouth disease is an infectious disease commonly seen in children in the summer. Enterovirus 71 (EV71), one of the causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease, causes more pronounced central nervous system complications than the other causative viruses. In this study, we investigated an outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease that occurred in the northern region of Miyagi Pr...