the encounter between the west and the east is historically regarded a s crucial i n the european chronicles. i n the 16th century, the politics of queen elizabeth i towards muslims was dualistic: on the one hand, her state united with muslims to stand against imperial spain, and on the other hand, after the defeat of the spanish armada in 1588 by the english, her state’s policy changed into a ...

the present article deals with the performing prostration or sajdah, on imam husain’s turbah, the clay obtained from karbala where imam husain (pbuh) attained his holiness’s martyrdom. in so doing, we first investigate the superiority of prostration on clay, found in islamic narrations and traditions from shiite and sunnite points of view. it is upon these traditions that we prove that prostrat...

One of the basic rituals of Islam is fasting during Ramadan. In this month, all able-bodied Muslims abstain from food, fluids, smoking, and oral medications from sunrise to sunset. According to the Quran, if fasting poses major health risks to individuals, fasting during this holy month is not allowed. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fasting on maternal and fetal health. Therefore, ...

a r t i c l e i n f o Although negative stereotypes towards Muslims escalated after the events of September 11th, little is known about how Muslim children think about their own group members. Therefore, the current study examined Muslim children's attitudes towards Muslims and non-Muslims. Sixty-five 5-to 8-year-old Muslim children, enrolled in an Islamic school, engaged in two tasks. In the a...

There are 1.3 billion Muslims in the world. Islam is one of the fastest growing religions and now constitutes the second or third religion in the USA and many European countries. Islamic countries have differing economic status and per capita income and this has its impact on the renal replacement therapy provided (Table 1 w1x), as it is an expensive mode of treatment. The success of transplant...

Islam spread rapidly after its founding, encompassing much of North Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. The art of this vast region draws its distinctive character both from Islam itself and from the diverse cultural traditions of the world’s Muslims. Because Islam discouraged the use of figurative images, particularly in religious contexts- unlike Christian art- Islamic artists develo...

meaning of islamic unity in two internal & external levels of diplomatic idea of islam has superior place. present situation of world of islam and various devilish plots for provoking disputes and enmity among the muslims shows well the necessity of this issue. undoubtedly, the survey of valuable experience of leaders of islamic world unity at present age, especially survey of seyed jamal al-di...