In general, when a black hole evaporates, there arises a net energy flow from black hole into its outside environment due to Hawking radiation and energy accretion onto black hole. The existence of energy flow means that the thermodynamic state of the whole system, which consists of a black hole and its environment, is in a nonequilibrium state. To know the detail of evaporation process, the no...

In general, when a black hole evaporates, there arises a net energy flow from black hole into its outside environment due to Hawking radiation and energy accretion onto black hole. The existence of energy flow means that the thermodynamic state of the whole system, which consists of a black hole and its environment, is in a nonequilibrium state. To know the detail of evaporation process, the no...

Downhole drilling motors or mud motors are frequently used during the oil and gas well construction, especially for construction of directional and horizontal segments. However, low operation life of the down hole drilling motors and high rate of wear in their working elements may constrain their application due to technical and economical disadvantageousness. In this work, a high-torque modula...

One of the main challenges of electrical energy storage (EES) is the development of environmentally friendly battery systems with high safety and high energy density. Rechargeable Mg batteries have been long considered as one highly promising system due to the use of low cost and dendrite-free magnesium metal. The bottleneck for traditional Mg batteries is to achieve high energy density since t...

Requiring that the matter fields are subject to the dominant energy condition, we establish the lower bound (4π)−1κA for the total mass M of a static, spherically symmetric black hole spacetime. (A and κ denote the area and the surface gravity of the horizon, respectively.) Together with the fact that the Komar integral provides a simple relation between M − (4π)κA and the strong energy conditi...

We theoretically investigate highly tensile-strained Ge nanowires laterally on GaSb. Finite element method has been used to simulate the residual elastic strain in the Ge nanowire. The total energy increment including strain energy, surface energy, and edge energy before and after Ge deposition is calculated in different situations. The result indicates that the Ge nanowire on GaSb is apt to gr...

complicated potential structure formed at a constriction of positive column of a dc discharge with heated cathode in he at low discharge currents is investigated. according to the potential structure, electrons and ions are accelerated by the electric field and their energy distribution functions acquire multi humped shapes. additional maximums on distribution functions quickly disappear due to...

Black hole solutions with nonspherical event horizon topology are shown to exist in an EinsteinYang-Mills theory with negative cosmological constant. The main characteristics of the solutions are presented and differences with respect to the spherically symmetric case are studied. The stability of these configurations is also addressed. PACS: 04.40; 04.70.-s; 98.80.E Although anti-de Sitter (Ad...

the legislator needs to legal entity to management of financial crisis of bankrupts in order toyour goals. the legal entity that plays an important role in management of financial crisis of bankrupts is “discharge”.the definition of discharge is that the bankrupt discharge from payment of debts after the bankruptcy proceeding. the goal of discharge is “fresh start” of bankrupt. the positive eff...