Constructed wetland treatment of swine wastewater probably involves substantial denitrification. Our objective was to assess denitrification and denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) in such wetlands in relation to plant communities, N loading, carbon or nitrogen limitations, and water depth. Two wetland cells each 3.6 m wide and 33.5 m long were connected in series. One set of cells was plante...

Users of data envelopment analysis (DEA) often presume efficiency estimates to be robust. While traditional DEA has been exposed to various sensitivity studies, network DEA (NDEA) has so far escaped similar scrutiny. Thus, there is a need to investigate the sensitivity of NDEA, further compounded by the recent attention it has been receiving in literature. NDEA captures the underlying performan...

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a linear programming methodology for measuring the efficiency of Decision Making Units (DMUs) to improve organizational performance in private and public sectors. However, if new DMU needs be known its score, DEA analysis would have re-conducted, especially nowadays, datasets from many fields been growing rapidly real world, which will need huge amount computa...

A mobile adhoc network is infrastructure-free and self configured network connected without wire. As it is infrastructure-free and no centralized control, such type of network are suitable only for conditional inter communication link. So initially maintaining Quality of Service and security aware routing is a difficult task. The main purpose of QoS aware routing is to find an optimal secure ro...

‎‎In the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) the efficiency of the units‎ ‎can be obtained by identifying the degree of the importance of the‎ ‎criteria (inputs-outputs).In DEA basic models‎, ‎challenges are zero‎ ‎and unequal weights of the criteria when decision‎- ‎making units are‎ ‎evaluated‎. ‎One of the strategies applied to deal with these problems‎ ‎is using common weights of the each input...

Energy, due to its increasing usage in various broad areas has been maintained as a vital factor in economic growth and development of societies. Meanwhile, natural gas is considered as one of the most important energy sources. Therefore, the efficiency and the productivity of the gas companies are crucial to be assessed. Numerous examples from industrial multistage processes including internal...

Since data envelopment analysis (DEA) introduced in 1970s, it has been widely applied to measure the efficiency of a wide variety of production and operation systems. Recently DEA has been extended to examine the efficiency of decision making units (DMUs) with two-stage network structures or processes, where the outputs from the first stage are intermediate measures that make up the inputs of t...

One of the most complicated decision making problems for managers is the evaluation of supply chain (SC) performance which involves various criteria. Though vast studies have been recorded on supply chain efficiency evaluation via balanced scorecard (BSC) approach, these studies do not focus on the relationships between the four perspectives of BSC approach. The present paper is an attempt focu...

Dynamic network data envelopment analysis (DNDEA) has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. On one hand the available models in DNDEA evaluating the performance of a DMU with interrelated processes during specified multiple periods but on the other hand they can only measure the efficiency of dynamic network structure when a supply chain structure present. For example, in the banking in...