Refugees, Asylum Seekers and Policy in Europe The number of refugees worldwide is now 12 million, up from 3 million in the early 1970s. And the number seeking asylum in the developed world increased tenfold, from about 50,000 per annum to half a million over the same period. Governments and international agencies have grappled with the twin problems of providing adequate humanitarian assistance...

A systematic study into the effects of metal substitution on the visible-light photocatalytic activity of prototype metal oxide cluster anions is presented. Four isostructural Lindqvist clusters [V(x)M(6-x)O19]((2+x)-) (M = W, Mo, x = 1, 2) with photooxidative activity in the visible range are reported. It is shown that the photooxidative performance correlates with the number of vanadium atoms...

We study markets for a good whose safety (the seller’s type), cannot be costlessly observed by the buyer. Using a costly state verification model with inter-temporal correlation in types, we identify contractual arrangements that induce sellers to report unsafe products voluntarily. Perfect, but costly, verification (audits) and an exogenous publicly provided noisy signal (forecast) can provide...

We investigate the impact of Ni insertion on structural, optical, and magnetic properties Ba 0.8 La 0.2 Fe 12– x O19 hexaferrites (Ni substituted La-BaM hexaferrites). Samples were prepared using conventional co-precipitation method sintered at 1000 °C for 4 hours to assist crystallization process. An analysis structure samples was carried out an x-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometer. The M-type...

As a result of debt enforcement problems, many high-productivity firms in emerging economies are unable to pledge enough future profits to their creditors and this constrains the financing they can raise. Many have argued that, by relaxing these credit constraints, reforms that strengthen enforcement institutions would increase capital flows to emerging economies. This argument is based on a pa...

Migration’s Income and Poverty Impact Has Been Underestimated This paper examines two issues associated with the impact of migration on household income and poverty. First, existing studies have typically overlooked a feature of migration that should be taken into account in estimating its impact, namely the fact that migration changes the size of the household. The ‘corrected’ impact that does...

Ti-doped barium ferrite powders BaFe12-x Ti x O19 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8) were synthesized by the sol-gel method. The phase structure and morphology were analyzed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The powders were also studied for their magnetic properties and microwave absorption. Results show that the Ti-doped barium ferrites (BFT...

This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. We study how 22 donors allocate their bilateral aid among 147...

This paper investigates whether aid flows to developing countries fit well with their development priorities. In particular, we examine aid allocation across sectors in a given recipient country by using sectoral data on aid and indicators that measure the recipient’s need for aid in each sector. The data show that inter-recipient aid allocation reflects the recipient’s need. However, we found ...