Topical application of eyedrops has been mainly used for treatment of ocular diseases. After instillation of an eyedrop, less than 5% of the applied dose reaches the intraocular tissues. Rapid loss of the instilled solution from the precorneal area and poor cornea1 penetration of the drug results in low ocular bioavailability. However, ocular absorption of a drug can be improved by increasing i...

One inch or less. That is the short distance an ocular drug must travel to reach a target site at the back of the eye. Research has come a long way over the past 4 decades in efforts to make this inch-long journey more successful. Delivering ocular drugs to their target tissues often requires them to traverse the fat-water-fat structure of the corneal barrier while ensuring minimum wastage thro...

„Ocular drug delivery is one of the most interesting and challenging endeavours facing the pharmaceutical scientist...The anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of the eye render this organ exquisitely impervious to foreign substances...The challenge to the formulator is to outwit the protective barriers of the eye without causing permanent tissue damage...The ancient ophthalmic solutions, suspen...

Current glaucoma management modalities are hindered by low patient compliance and adherence. This can be due to highly complex treatment strategies or poor patient understanding. Treatments focus on the management or reduction of intraocular pressure. This is most commonly done through the use of daily topical eye drops. Unfortunately, despite effective therapies, glaucoma continues to progress...

INTRODUCTION Frequent intravitreal injections are currently the preferred treatment method for diseases affecting the posterior segment of the eye. However, these repeated injections have been associated with pain, risk of infection, hemorrhages, retinal detachment and high treatment costs. To overcome these limitations, light-responsive in situ forming injectable implants (ISFIs) may emerge as...

Aschottana is one of the speciality procedures among kriyakalpas in which herbal medications form liquid are instilled into conjunctival sac, drop by at a distance 2 angulas called as Aschottana. Ocular drugs usually delivered locally to eye. Required drug loading, release rate, and ocular retention time delivery systems depend on potency, bioavailability, clearance target site. The concept exp...

In order to achieve prolong corneal contact time of norfloxacin(NFX) for treatment of extra ocular diseases, a pH triggered nanoparticulate in situ gelling system was designed to explore dual advantage of nanoparticles and in situ gelling system, for its ocular delivery. NFX loaded nanocarriers were developed by ionotropic gelation technique using chitosan as a matrix forming polymer, cross-lin...

In order to achieve prolong corneal contact time of norfloxacin(NFX) for treatment of extra ocular diseases, a pH triggered nanoparticulate in situ gelling system was designed to explore dual advantage of nanoparticles and in situ gelling system, for its ocular delivery. NFX loaded nanocarriers were developed by ionotropic gelation technique using chitosan as a matrix forming polymer, cross-lin...

dorzolamide ophthalmic drop is one of the most common glaucoma medications but it has a short residence time in the eye. the aim of this study is to develop ocular dorzolamide hcl nanoliposomes (drz – nanoliposomes) and to evaluate their potential use for the treatment of ocular hypertension. nanoliposomes were prepared using reverse-phase evaporation vesicle (rev) and thin layer hydration (tlh...

Ocular drug delivery is a very challenging area for ophthalmologists and scientists due to the structural barrier complexity of eye. Barriers such as different layers cornea, sclera, conjunctival blood flow, tear dilution limit efficacy anterior part eye in addition more barriers present posterior part. Due these, have designed studied various systems increase treatment Among conventional ocula...