We show that the gravitino-overproduction problem is prevalent among inflation models in supergravity. An inflaton field φ generically acquires (effective) nonvanishing auxiliary field G Φ , if the Kähler potential is non-minimal. The inflaton field then decays into a pair of the gravitinos. We extensively study the cosmological constraints on G Φ for a wide range of the gravitino mass. For man...

A derivative of the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium phytofermentans was isolated and shown to produce two moles of hydrogen per mole of glucose and similar yields from cellulosic feedstocks. The strain (cpnit-1) was selected for its rapid growth in a chemostat under nitrogen fixation conditions. The rare ability of cpnit-1 to stably, anaerobically produce hydrogen while rapidly fixing its own n...