parathyroid adenomas, or hyperplasia may be present in patients with hypercalcemia. treatment is by surgical excision, but about 10% of the lesions may be in ectopic locations. pre-operative localization of the lesions with non-lvasive imaging, using radionuclides, ultrasound, ct, or mr], may simplify surgery, and reduce patient morbidity. however, the reports of the accuracy of the currently a...

case presentation: this case illustrated the development of secondary and subsequently tertiary hyperparathyroidism in a 66-year-old man with a history of chronic renal failure. the patient was managed surgically by parathyroid autotransplantation and serial explantation. discussion: refractory hypercalcemia due to autonomous parathyroid tissue following parathyroidectomy can be managed with gr...

There are two important systems in human beings, which control and maintain the homeostasis i.e. maintaining the internal environment in a balanced state. First and foremost important system is nervous system with the help of functioning cells called neurons. These neurons are characterized by their conductivity with the help of neurotransmitters i.e. chemical mediators. This nervous system is ...

Introduction Behind of the thyroid gland, there are four glands named parathyroid which help the regulation of the calcium levels across the human body (1). Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is the most rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism which is one of the most common endocrine disease. It typically affects the elderly women and men and its clinical appearance is characterized by mild hypercal...

The effect of various hormones on regucalcin mRNA expression in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro was investigated. Cells with subconfluency were cultured for 24 or 48 h in a medium containing either vehicle or various hormones without fetal bovine serum. Regucalcin mRNA expression was significantly increased after culture with parathyroid hormone (synthetic human PTH; 10(-7) M), insulin-lik...

Cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) is an important regulator of bone cell physiology. We studied the interaction of vitamin D metabolites on the hormonal-activated Ca message system in the osteoblastic cell line UMR-106. The acute rise in [Ca2+]i induced by different calciotropic hormones [parathyroid hormone, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)] was dose dependently blunted by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(...

The time course of adaptation of the serum calcium level to the gradual deprivation of parathyroid hormone was studied in adult male and female rats. In addition, the role of thyrocalcitonin and thyroid hormones in adaptive changes in serum calcium was assessed in the surgically parathyroidectomized animals. Simultaneous bilateral parathyroidectomy, thyroparathyroidectomy or the second unilater...

conclusions radiofrequency ablation may be used successfully in the treatment of parathyroid adenoma when a patient cannot tolerate surgery. case presentation a 47-year-old patient was referred to our hospital (namazi hospital, shiraz, iran) in april, 2015 with intracranial hemorrhage, as well as high serum calcium and pth (parathyroid hormone) levels (12.1 mg/dl and 1062 pg/ml, respectively), ...

Ca2+ homeostasis is an important factor, which is underlined by the numerous clinical symptoms that involve Ca2+ deficiencies. The overall Ca2+ balance is maintained by the concerted action of Ca2+ absorption in the intestine, reabsorption in the kidney, and exchange from bone, which are all under the control of the calciotropic hormones that are released upon a demand for Ca2+. In the kidney, ...