In most countries Parliamentary immunity protects lawmakers from civil or criminal charges while in office, and it shields them prosecution for their political speech actions. This paper presents the first empirical analysis literature of impact on behavior performance politicians. Leveraging a Constitutional Amendment, adoption which lifted 132 550 members Turkish Parliament, we find that impa...

The governmental crisis that broke out in Italy the summer of 2022 led to resignation government M. Draghi and subsequent dissolution Parliament. article examines results Italy's early parliamentary elections held on September 25, (including a comparison with 2018 elections) analyzes positions leading political parties represented Italian parliament from 2022. author summarizes Draghi, identify...

This research reveals a hypothesis that there is vested interest on regulating law in the house of representative regarding Law No. 1/2015 article 73 term money politics which conducted by regional head candidate and analyze legal efforts can be done to cope such issue. Although has been revised for three times, lastly No.6/2020, yet regulation record persists ‘to protect’ its election traceabl...

Superintendence, direction and control of preparation of electoral rolls for, and the conduct of elections, to Parliament and state legislatures and elections to the offices of President and Vic-President of India are vested in the Election Commission of India. It is an independent constitutional authority set up in pursuance of Article 324(1) of the Constitution of India. The literature on cor...

An algorithm of solution of the Automatic Classification (AC for brevity) problem is set forth in the paper. In the AC problem, it is required to find one or several partitions, starting with the given pattern matrix or dissimilarity ∕ similarity matrix. The three-level scheme of the algorithm is suggested. At the internal level, the frequency minimax dichotomy algorithm is described. At the in...

Disaster concentrates the mind wonderfully. The Shelton tragedy forced M.P.s to grapple with mental illness once more in Parliament's spring term after a long lull in which national economic troubles claimed their attention to the exclusion of almost all else. Mr. Kenneth Robinson, the Minister of Health, finally agreed ?and to be fair, without too much reluctance?to hold the Shelton inquiry in...

Zach de Beer's political career began in 1950 when as a student leader and member of the Civil Rights League he addressed public meeting Cape Town City Hall to protest banning Communist Party. Forty years later, February 1990, was parliament President F.W. Klerk announced unbanning Party, African National Congress, Pan Africanist Congress. During darkest apartheid state he, along with others, k...