Axonal microtubule (MT) arrays are the major cytoskeleton substrate for cargo transport. How MT organization, i.e., polymer length, number, and minus-end spacing, is regulated and how it impinges on axonal transport are unclear. We describe a method for analyzing neuronal MT organization using light microscopy. This method circumvents the need for electron microscopy reconstructions and is comp...

The Escherichia coli σ70 initiation factor is required for a post-initiation, promoter-proximal pause essential for regulation of lambdoid phage late gene expression; potentially, σ70 acts at other sites during transcription elongation as well. The pause is induced by σ70 binding to a repeat of the promoter -10 sequence. After σ70 binding, further RNA synthesis occurs as DNA is drawn (or 'scrun...

The work presented in this paper is devoted to the modeling of distribution of post-phrase pause duration for dependency analysis of read Japanese sentences. The pause information is incorporated into a dependency structure parser, which handles numerical information as part of linguistic knowledge. A series of our previous works has shown that the duration of pauses is constantly e ective to i...

In rotavirus, transcription of the 11 double-stranded RNA genome segments occurs within the structurally intact subviral particle, and nascent transcripts are released through channels penetrating the two capsid layers at the icosahedral vertices. To gain insight into the early molecular events in transcription, we used high-resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the lengt...

Ubiquitous use of cell phones encourages development of novel applications with sensors embedded in cell phones. The collection of information generated by these devices is a challenging task considering volatile topologies and energy-based scarce resources. Further, the data delivery to the sink is delay tolerant. Mobility of cell phones is opportunistically exploited for forwarding sensor gen...

Speech intelligibility in reverberant environments is reduced because of overlap-masking. Signal modification prior to presentation in such listening environments, e.g., with a public announcement system, can be employed to alleviate this problem. Time-scale modifications are particularly effective in reducing the effect of overlap-masking. A method for introducing linguistically-motivated paus...

There is a close relationship between prosody and syntax. In the field of speech synthesis, many investigations have been made to control prosody so that it conforms to the syntactic structure of the sentence. This paper is concerned with the inverse problem: recovery of syntactic structure with the help of prosodic information. In our past investigations, it was observed that duration of inter...

ASR has long attracted attention for call center monitoring systems. In the ASR technology for call center conversations, the system usually divides an input signal into separate utterances and eliminates the unneeded silence parts of the signal before doing ASR processing on the detected utterances. This means the input signal should be split into utterances of the proper length for both ASR p...