today oil removal from contaminated soil by new methods such as bioremediation is necessary.  in this paper, the effect of chemical fertilizers and aeration on bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil has been investigated. also the control group, (bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soil without treatment by chemical fertilizers and aeration treatment was examined. the cond...

This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U. S. Geo'ogical Survey editorial standards (or with the North American Stratigraphic Code). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. INTRODUCTION Predicting the gas:oil ratio (GOR) of a petroleum play or prospect is important in evalu...

Ground-water contamination by crude oil, and other petroleum-based liquids, is a widespread problem. An average of 83 crude-oil spills occurred per year during 1994-96 in the United States, each spilling about 50,000 barrels of crude oil (U.S. Office of Pipeline Safety, electronic commun., 1997). An understanding of the fate of organic contaminants (such as oil and gasoline) in the subsurface i...

Production and spillage of petroleum hydrocarbons which is the most versatile energy resource causes disastrous environmental pollution. Elevated oil degrading performance from microorganisms is demanded for successful microbial remediation of those toxic pollutants. The employment of biosurfactant-producing and hydrocarbon-utilizing microbes enhances the effectiveness of bioremediation as bios...

Petroleum can disrupt endocrine function in humans and wildlife, and interacts in particularly complex ways with the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, responsible for the release of the stress hormones corticosterone and cortisol (hereafter CORT). Ingested petroleum can act in an additive fashion with other stressors to cause increased mortality, but it is not clear exactly why--does p...

Petroleum hydrocarbons are important energy resources used by industry and in our daily life, whose production contributes highly to environmental pollution. To control such risk, bioremediation constitutes an environmentally friendly alternative technology that has been established and applied. It constitutes the primary mechanism for the elimination of hydrocarbons from contaminated sites by ...

Although planktonic protozoans are likely to interact with dispersed crude oil after a spill, protozoan-mediated processes affecting crude oil pollution in the sea are still not well known. Here, we present the first evidence of ingestion and defecation of physically or chemically dispersed crude oil droplets (1-86 μm in diameter) by heterotrophic dinoflagellates, major components of marine pla...

Thank you Admiral Watkins and commission members for allowing me this opportunity to draw your attention to two recent reports of the National Academies that address what are arguably two of the most significant challenges to coastal and marine environmental quality: oil pollution and nutrient pollution. A decade ago public concerns about marine pollution were driven by the dramatic footage fro...

Energy supply in Sri Lanka is mainly based on three primary sources, namely hydroelectricity, biomass and petroleum. The supply from each of these sources is such that 11percent is attributable to hydroelectricity, 55 percent to biomass and 34 percent to petroleum oil products. Fuel-wood and other biomass such as coconut residues, paddy husks and sawdust are largely used for domestic cooking ac...