Plato is accused by some of being a totalitarian, “top-down” thinker, claim that linked not just to his politics but philosophical proclivities more generally. This essay will argue Plato’s method and metaphysics collectively provide few avenues for questioning this outcome. I think Socratic-style provides resistance hegemonic carapaced metaphysics, moreover would there greater coherence betwee...

This paper takes it as a premise that a distinction between matters of fact and of law is important in the causal inquiry. But it argues that separating factual and legal causation as different elements of liability is not the best way to implement the fact/law distinction. It is partly a legal question what counts as a cause-in-fact; and certain liabilitylimiting doctrines under the umbrella o...

The connection between architecture and science and sound based on mathematical relations has continued to develop[ since the rise of the Western classical civilization that originated in Ancient Greece. The mysterious Pythagorean cosmology pursued as secret esoteric knowledge was related to the search of rhythm, proportionality and harmony. Even somewhat earlier, Greek mysteries were based on ...

The crucial importance of funerary rites in early China would seem to be reflected not only in an abundance of writings devoted to describing — frequently from an idealised standpoint not exempt of normative ends — the complex set of practices, speeches, attire and objects that accompany the proceedings of these ceremonies but also, and in particular, in the intense intellectual debates that th...

In this paper I defend an eudaimonistic reading of Spinoza’s ethical philosophy. Eudaimonism refers to the mainstream tradition ancient Greeks, which considers happiness a naturalistic, stable, and exclusively intrinsic good. Within tradition, we can also draw distinction between weak eudaimonists strong eudaimonists. Weak do not ground their conceptions in complete theories metaphysics, episte...

Abstract There are two different modal logics: the logic T assuming contingency and K = logical determinism. In paper, I show that Aristotelian treatise On Interpretation (???? ?????????, De Interpretatione ) has introduced some modal-logical relationships which correspond to . this logic, it is supposed there contingent events. The N?g?rjunian ??vara-kart?tva-nir?k?ti?-vi??o?-ekakart?tva-nir?k...

That our mental lives are not transparent to us is one of the few Freudian doctrines that has been robustly confirmed by subsequent psychological research. Nevertheless, much work in the philosophy of language, as well as formal work in economics and computer science, assumes various “iteration principles” that can seem to conflict with this psychological truism. By “iteration principles” I hav...

Approximately 3000 million ha of the world’s forests have been classified as productive, and are subject to some kind of management. Considering their environmental and social importance, the managed forest ecosystems are not receiving as much scientific attention as the few remaining unmanaged ones. This is especially true in the growing urban landscapes where managed forest ecosystem provide ...