objective: the purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of expressive arts therapy on decreasing anxiety of orphaned girls living in family-like centers of mashhad, iran.  methods: one week prior to final examinations, participants were randomly assigned to either an expressive art-making group or a control group. the state-trait anxiety inventory was administered before and after...

Abdul Qadir Jurjânî, with his two famous books, is the most important scholar of Islamic rhetoric. He is the founder of rhetoric in the Muslim world. One of Jurjânî’s most prominent accomplishments is his comprehensive classification of metaphors. First of all, Jurjânî distinguishes between non-expressive and expressive metaphors, and then presents subclasses for expressive, or “useful”, metaph...

abstract  in the wake of renaissance, not only then art and literature pieces but the resulting diverse expressions well reflected the turning revolts in science, philosophy, and politics, and their association which is tremendously clear even among a single artist’s works, e.g. donatello’s sculptures, transparently echoing challenges between old traditions and then new reformations vastly infl...

ambiguity, as one of the aesthetic tricks or techniques, makes the speech seem attractive, and the reader surprised. it looks pleasurable when its delay for accepting the meaning and its role in creating different meaning layers of speech is discovered. fifteen cases of ambiguity which results in development of the words’ meaning circle on the axis of companion, have been explained in present s...

mowlavi’s sonnets have been repeatedly and from different points of views analyzed by several famed literary characters. considering the structure and features of sonnet, as a poetic form, and its evolution course, it seems that mowlavi is offering a new version of narrative sonnet – the issue had been paying attention by attar and sanaie before him. ‘what measures and techniques had mowlavi us...

adaption of metaphor and allusion has been always considered as the most valuable literary representations and seved as an appropriate device for benchmarking versification potential in poets. as one of shiite poets, seyed hemyari who has devoted his verse for defense from al-ul-bayt (pbut) has benefitted successfully from rhetoric images in this field. despite of its simplicity and plainness i...

Using Negative Correlation to Evolve Fault-Tolerant Circuits p. 35 A Genetic Representation for Evolutionary Fault Recovery in Virtex FPGAs p. 47 Biologically Inspired Evolutionary Development p. 57 Building Knowledge into Developmental Rules for Circuit Design p. 69 Evolving Fractal Proteins p. 81 A Developmental Method for Growing Graphs and Circuits p. 93 Developmental Models for Emergent Co...

The author puts forward the position that nature of M. P. Shishkin's creativity is determined by interaction two trends: preservation a perceptually perceived thing in word (the this case becomes an instrument for fixing visible image world) and use linguistic sign referring to create verbal artistic constructions with immanent aesthetic significance. writer's worldview assumes ethical task art...

Alexander Nareyek GMD | FIRST German National Research Center for Information Technology Research Institute for Computer Architecture and Software Technology Rudower Chaussee 5 D 12489 Berlin, Germany [email protected] Abstract Although domains like a continuous workow planning are promising application candidates for constraint programming techniques, conventional constraint satisfaction repre...