If A is logically equivalent to B, it is not necessary that #(A) = p(B). This technical note proves, however, that if A is in CNF, there exists some logically equivalent DNF, B, such that p(A) = #(B). It is well known that this admits anomalies, such as #(P/x ~P) > 0 and #(P v ~P) < 1. Further, two logically equivalent expressions can have different possibility values. For example, P v Q-~(P ^ ...

The paper puts forward a theory of historical modalities that is framed in terms of possible continuations rather than possible worlds or histories. The proposal is tested as a semantical theory for a language with historical modalities, tenses, and indexicals.

In this paper the possibilities of improvements of an industrial process of subsequent pasteurisation were considered in a case study of a pasteurisation plant. The current process has extremely high operating costs, and the aim is therefore to consider the improvement possibilities and savings. Firstly the process was analyzed, and then possible measurements and calculations were provided. Sim...

Many diseases and congenital defects can be detected already during foetal life due to the widespread use of prenatal ultrasonography and the implementation of routine prenatal diagnostics. An increasing number of abnormalities can be treated in utero, at early stages of pregnancy, long before birth. Since prenatal treatment involves some risk of complications that may even result in the loss o...

The burden of disease associated with problematic alcohol and drug use demands a strategic approach to workforce development as much as it does to other areas of policy development and implementation. However, health workforce development, and in particular health workforce planning, has had a checkered career internationally. Barriers to health workforce development have included a failure to ...

Basic idea and preliminary analysis are presented of a possibility to compensate the energy spread and to collimate beam in the next generation of linear colliders (NLC) using tunneling ionization of a gas by the beam. Contributed to ICFA Workshop, Nonlinear and Collective Phenomena in Beam Physics, Arcidosso, Italy September 2-September 6, 1996 *Work supported by Department of Energy contract ...

In a new report, Nyati et al. identified a previously undetected participant mediating both canonical signaling, i.e., TGF-β receptor kinase mediated, and non-canonical signaling, budding uninhibited by benzimidazole 1 (BUB1).

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Sentences with disjunction in the scope of a possibility modal often convey something stronger than predicted under the standard semantics for modals and disjunction, roughly paraphrasable in terms of a wide scope conjunction. You may have beer or wine, for example, is naturally understood as conveying that you may have beer and that you may have wine. This ‘puzzle of free choice permission’ (R...