Epidermal stratification of the mammalian skin requires proliferative basal progenitors to generate intermediate cells that separate from the basal layer and are replaced by post-mitotic cells. Although Wnt signaling has been implicated in this developmental process, the mechanism underlying Wnt-mediated regulation of basal progenitors remains elusive. Here we show that Wnt secreted from prolif...

It was suggested that we should not consider in the analysis the weighting factor, or to justify the necessity to include it in the analysis. We still decided to weight our analysis because GYTS data are weighted to adjust for design effect, non-response, and post-stratification of the sample population relative to the grade and sex distribution in the total population. We have provided the ref...

Background Mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) is known to have prognostic importance in the risk stratification of patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). In post-MI patients with MAPSE<8mm, the combined mortality and hospitalization incidence is 43.8%. Similarly, CMR studies have shown that intra-myocardial haemorrhage (IMH) in the infarct core is an independent marker of ...

Introduction The presence of ischemia-induced microvascular obstruction (MVO) despite successful coronary revascularization, has been associated with poor functional recovery and adverse left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Additionally, the extent of the infarct gray zone is a strong independent predictor of post-AMI mortality. However, the evolution of gray zon...

Pearl's article provides a useful springboard for discussing further the benefits and drawbacks of principal stratification and the associated discomfort with attributing effects to post-treatment variables. The basic insights of the approach are important: pay close attention to modification of treatment effects by variables not observable before treatment decisions are made, and be careful in...

damask rose (rosa damascena mill.) has high economic importance and commercial value. the plant essential oil is used for perfumery, food and medicinal industries. it is necessary to know much about seed germination for study of genetic variation and breeding improved varieties of r. damascena. in this study seed germination of r. damascena were evaluated, using thermal period treatments. the d...

We use employment histories from the Survey of Stratification and Migration Dynamics in Russia (total N=7167) to examine how the role of personal networks in the Russian labor market evolved from 1985 through 2001 and how networks relate to patterns of social stratification in Russia. Because this period saw dramatic institutional changes associated with market transition, it offers a unique op...

This paper delivers new insights into the development of income inequality and regional stratification in Germany after unification using a new method for detecting social stratification by a decomposition of the GINI index which yields the obligatory betweenand withingroup components as well as an “overlapping” index for the different sup-populations. We apply this method together with a jackk...

abstract in this research the thermal stratification of the water in the torogh dam basin and the resulted changes in its quality with respect to temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen was investigated using the dynamic reservoir simulation model. the results indicated that in wet years such as 1998, when the average annual precipitation and the resulted inflows to the basin is higher than ...