detailed suggestions in the use of various methods that are not possible to transmit through research publications. The subjects covered in Volume XI include nearly all the techniques that would be needed in a thorough study of enzyme structure. Subjects that would appear to be missing generally have been covered by articles in previous volumes. The first section contains ten articles on amino ...

ham, sent for Ashmole and asked him to cure his rheumatism (pp. 250 and 1711). Ashmole seeing that he was at death's door declined to do so. For two things Ashmole's name will be mainly remembered. In 1682 he founded the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford, based on his own collections of manuscripts, books, coins and specimens, which are now housed in the Museum of the History of Science at Oxford. He ...

The onset of nuclear warfare in Hiroshima and Nagasaki had far-reaching implications for the world of medicine. The study of the A-bomb and its implications led to the launching of new fields and avenues of research, most notably in genetics and radiation studies. Far less understood and under-studied was the impact of nuclear research on psychiatric medicine. Psychological research, however, w...

Jean Leray (November 7, 1906–November 10, 1998) was confined to an officers’ prison camp (“Oflag”) in Austria for the whole of World War II. There he took up algebraic topology, and the result was a spectacular flowering of highly original ideas, ideas which have, through the usual metamorphism of history, shaped the course of mathematics in the sixty years since then. Today we would divide his...

United States power in Persian Gulf has risen since the end of Second World War. Dividing U.S. presence in the Region into the Cold war and post-Cold war era, the principle policy in first period was narrowing the impact of Soviet Union in the Region and in latter, Access to Persian Gulf region’s oil and controlling the major threats which can disrupt the flow of oil to global energy market. Fo...

This paper explores a vacant spot in the Cold War history of science: the development of research activities in the physical environmental sciences and in nuclear science and technology in Greenland. In the post-war period, scientific exploration of the polar areas became a strategically important element in American and Soviet defence policy. Particularly geophysical fields like meteorology, g...

The article uses the debate surrounding creation of the Instituto Internacional da Hiléia Amazônica (International Institute of the Hylean Amazon--IIHA) as a point of departure for analyzing the topic of development. We first address post-World War II relations between science and development. Next, we examine the Brazilian government's initiatives in the Amazon during the 1940s and how the IIH...