al-ghazali was one of the islamic scholars who was concerned to revival of religious teachings. in ihya’ ‘ulum al-din, he tried to provide a pattern in this regard for the believers of his time. in this article, authors attempt to discuss effects of religiosity with emphasis on psychological views of al-ghazali. for this purpose, al-ghazali’s ideas which has been expressed in four parts of ihya...

muḥyī al-dīn maghribī is among the few astronomers of the middle ages whose astronomical system is entirely based on new measures of planetary parameters and whose measurement of the observational data and calculation processes for determining their amount have been carried out in maragha observatory. he has explained the details of his observations and calculations in a volume called talkhīṣ a...

This article provides a sketch of the historical antecedent to 11th century theory maqāṣid al-sharī‘a (the purposes law). I examine role human benefit (maṣlaḥa) within classical Shafi‘i school, focusing on 10th and centuries. show that law gave consideration central in interpretation scripture. is attested both texts legal (uṣūl al-fiqh) substantive (furū‘ al-fiqh). Importantly, also explain ho...

Taking the case of ‘spiritual gardening’ as a starting point, this paper reflects on praxis as the object of practical theology. Praxis is understood as the domain of lived religion and focuses on what people do rather than on official institutionalized religious traditions. Praxis refers to fields of practices like care or community building and to the patterned configurations of action, exper...