in the present era, the cultural heritage of the nations is taken into consideration, and has found great significance in several aspects. this importance has enforced the nations to enact their particular laws in cultural heritage domain; among the rest, the ownership of historic-cultural monuments. these laws lead to the restriction of private ownerships in many cases. in the first glance, it...

Scotland has been addressing the highest European concentrations of land ownership through reform legislation, encouraging communities to buy out lairds. Collective efforts take commons are explored application theories on governance, regional development and institutions. Experiences Inner Outer Hebridean islanders under private then community ownership, paying special attention case Isle Eigg...

As a common space, urban entrance is the first place that introduces a city to its visitors and it is imprinted in the memory of people. This study aims to provide a detailed analysis of physical development and activity patterns along the main entrance of Rasht, Iran. Utilized data in this research comes from a questionnaire survey through which 707 land lots along the main entrances were stu...

Primary care services provide continuing and coordinating care, cater to most health care needs, and serve as a point of first contact with the health system. This article addresses the issue of government ownership of primary care. Ownership confers governance responsibility (ultimate control) for an organization, and accountability for its actions. Primary care organizations can be classed as...

This article discusses post-colonial private land policies. Private became colonial owned (VOC) which was given voluntarily to people who were considered meritorious for the Netherlands (former VOC employees, camat). The main problem is related disputes over changes in ownership after Law No. 1 of 1958 concerning abolition land. purpose this describe problems that arose policy abolished and sta...

The performance of Indian railways in the nineteenth century provides a great context to study the effects of state ownership on productivity and other aspects of operations. We rely on a key feature of the institutional background whereby the Government of India purchased a majority ownership stake in private railways at predetermined dates set by contracts negotiated decades before the compan...

Changes to minor patch types in forested landscapes may have large consequences for forest biodiversity. The effects of forest management and environment on these secondary patch types are often poorly understood. For example, do early-to-mid successional minor patch types become more expansive as late successional forest types are fragmented or do they also become more fragmented in managed la...

Forest owners in Massachusetts (U.S.) live in a densely populated state and near forestland that is under pressure of development and characterized by small parcel size. Forest-based biomass harvesting in Massachusetts is a renewable energy topic generating a great deal of discussion among all constituents. To provide perspective on these discussions, our analysis asks how much forested land in...

In recent years, the call for strong and clear property rights has grown in law and development circles. In the landmark book The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else, de Soto put forth the claim that “strong and clear” property rights, formalized rather than informal, are necessary for economic efficiency and for the protection of the poor, who occu...