the analyze of the petroleum contract determines that the ownership of the oil and gas filed is one of the very fundamental issues in the petroleum contract not only for the host country in the middle east but also for the petroleum companies. but the analyze of the petroleum contracts from the ownership perspective may show that the hybrid nature of this ownership rights, one from private law ...

providing efficient programme to promote urban landscape is considered as one of the most significant element of development in developed cities. the significance will become more considerable in edges of megacities where a lot of environmental, social, and economic issues are evident. this article is trying to deal with the importance of landscape control in relation with a neighborhood by sug...

About 90 percent of the land in Maine is in forests. We analyzed past land use trends in Maine and developed projections of future land use. Since the 1950s, the area of forest in Maine has increased by almost 400,000 acres; however, the trends differ among ownerships, as the area of nonindustrial private timberland declined by 800,000 acres since 1950, while private industrial area rose by 681...

The vernacular meaning of land-grabbing in Kenya stresses the role played by State land thefts, reminding us that, historically, state power was built up through control over land. Accusations grabbing also convey territorial representations ethnic and national belonging, anchoring legitimacy ownership. We focus on actors scales involved officialising private ownership to highlight institutiona...

Efforts to curb elephant poaching have focused on reducing demand, confiscating ivory and boosting security patrols in elephant range. Where land is under multiple uses and ownership, determining the local poaching dynamics is important for identifying successful conservation models. Using 2,403 verified elephant, Loxodonta africana, mortality records collected from 2002 to 2012 and the results...

Wildfire, like many natural hazards, affects large landscapes with many landowners and the risk individual owners face depends on both individual and collective protective actions. In this study, we develop a spatially explicit game theoretic model to examine the strategic interaction between landowners' hazard mitigation decisions on a landscape with public and private ownership. We find that ...

Contrary to Theodore W. Schultz’s assertions that small farmers are rational, part-time farming is efficient, and economies of scale have no logical basis and have not stood the test of time and empirical findings, this paper presents that in (1) the low income countries still saddled with traditional agriculture, (2) the low income countries developing towards the high income economy, and (3) ...