• Understanding to what extent judicial independence is adhered to in various jurisdictions requires a theoretical framework of what the principle entails. On a preliminary analysis, the principle can be said to require the following: judicial systems must be free, in fact and appearance, from any undue influence that might prevent judges from adjudicating legal disputes solely on the basis of ...

In “Who Guards the ‘Guardians of System’? The Role Secretariat in WTO Dispute Settlement,” 1 Joost Pauwelyn and Krzysztof Pelc argue that World Trade Organization (WTO Secretariat) has more influence over dispute resolution than staff any comparable tribunal. This is result institutional design WTO, but also unexpected factors extended mandate beyond what was originally conceived. authors claim...

The aim ofthe e‐Justice strategy isto improve the implementation of right to justice, cooperation between judicial authorities and effectiveness justice itself. Much attention has been paid computerization court proceedings. Remote hearings were recognized described in legal acts European Union Lithuania already at beginning second decade 21st century. However, this approach not widely used due...

The appointment in 1953 of Earl Warren as Chief Justice of the United States marked the beginning of a new era in the development of constitutional law. In the ensuing years changes of vast dimension and historic impact have taken place. Few men are better qualified to assess the significance of the decisions of the Warren Court than Archibald Cox, student of law, teacher of law and, from 1961 ...

We need to set priorities for conservation because we cannot do everything, everywhere, at the same time. We determined priority areas for investment in threat abatement actions, in both a cost-effective and spatially and temporally explicit way, for the threatened mammals of the world. Our analysis presents the first fine-resolution prioritization analysis for mammals at a global scale that ac...

The initial context of this research – judicial cooperation with regard to consistency in sentencing This dissertation is part of a research project in which the phenomenon of judicial cooperation in several areas of the law has been taken as a starting point. The concept of judicial cooperation describes informal structures and products thereof of judicial policymaking for the purpose of the s...

This Essay focuses on one aspect of the work of the European Court, that of judicial protection of the individual, an area where it appears that the Court has taken steps towards the creation of a common law for Europe, or ius commune. JUDICIAL PROTECTION OF THE INDIVIDUAL BY THE EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE

INTRODUCTION Hanging is one of the most commonly used way to commit suicide in many countries. This method used in suicide is considered a problem in Iran too, but no clear data exists regarding hanging in different regions or the country as a whole. Because of the epidemiologic differences in non-judicial hanging in different regions, this study aimed to assess it in Gilan province, Iran betwe...