RESULTS: Fifty-five participants (31 patients and 24 parents) completed all questionnaires, 98.2% preferred active involvement in therapeutic decision-making. The SDM-Q-9 scores, assessed by patients and physicians, were acceptable (mean 68 out of 100). However, the independently assessed OPTION-5 scores were significantly lower (mean 31 out of 100). In the consultations, physicians rarely aske...

Bronchoscopy is the preferred method for collecting biological samples from the lower airways of subjects in clinical research. However, ensuring participation in clinical research can be challenging when the research includes an invasive procedure. For this report we reviewed the literature to look for information on participation in research bronchoscopy studies to better design our own study...

evaluation of public participation and intersectoral collaboration in family physician program in rular areas of iran etemadi f1* (bsc), malekafzali ardakani h2 (phd), dejman m3 (phd) 1 deputy health and rehabilitation sciences, university of welfare and rehabilitation, tehran, iran 2 national institute of health research, the islamic republic of iran, tehran, iran 3 centre for research on soci...

contemporary iranian society is transiting from traditional outlook to modern attitudes. social chaos matched with behavioral and thinking chaos is characteristic of transition period. political structure, as a part of society, alongside the juridical, economic and social structure is transiting from traditional sovereignty to intellectual and legal one. political participation, as a tangible a...

Prior research on the role of user participation in system development has yielded inconsistent results. One of reasons might be attributed to the various users and research in this field needs to take into consideration of the characteristics of users themselves. Users’ professional background has been documented as one of major reasons for resistance. However, very little research has investi...

Turnout as the most frequent form of political participation is often supposed to be linked to a relevant degree of political information of citizens. Non-voting on the other hand, is often assumed to be a decision caused by indifference or uninformedness. These stereotypes notwithstanding, there may be good reasons for informed citizens not to cast a vote, just as uninformed citizens may have ...

The year 2008 marked the 30 year anniversary of Primary Health Care, the health policy of all member nations of the WHO. Community participation was one of the key principles of this policy. This article reviews the experiences of and lessons learned by policy makers, planners and programme managers in attempting to integrate community participation into their health programmes. The lessons, id...

The participation of stakeholders in the planning of protected natural areas is growing significantly. It enhances their trust in protection aims and management measures. Limited time and finances, however, often reduce the impact of stakeholder participation on the level of information and education, thus usually resulting in insufficient implementation of choices regarding nature conservation...