This document gives formatting guidelines for authors preparing papers for publication in the International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering The authors must follow the instructions given in the document for the papers to be published. Keywords—Keyword are your own designated keyword which can be used for easy location of the manuscript using any search engines. It includ...

In contrast to standard critical phenomena, disordered systems need to be treated via the Functional Renormalization Group. The latter leads to a coarse grained disorder landscape, which after a finite renormalization becomes non-analytic, thus overcoming the predictions of the seemingly exact dimensional reduction. We review recent progress on how the nonanalytic effective action can be measur...

Radiative corrections to both perturbative and non-perturbative contributions are added to existing calculations of the Isgur-Wise function ξIW . To this end, we develop a method for calculating two-loop integrals in the heavy quark effective theory involving two different scales. The inclusion of O(αs) terms causes ξIW to decrease as compared to the lowest order result and shows the importance...

The algebraic connectivity of a graph G is the second smallest eigenvalue of its Laplacian matrix. Let Bn be the set of all bicyclic graphs of order n. In this paper, we determine the last four bicyclic graphs (according to their smallest algebraic connectivities) among all graphs in Bn when n > 13. This result, together with our previous results on trees and unicyclic graphs, can be used to fu...