In this issue of CJEM, Frank and colleagues report a randomized trial of magnesium administered intravenously (IV) for benign headache. They found that IV magnesium was no more effective than placebo, and had more side effects. Readers may notice that this article is unusual: It is uncommon these days to find an article reporting negative results. Journal editors shy away from negative trials, ...

Rumination, defined as repetitive thinking about negative information, has been found to lead to serious maladaptive consequences, including longer and more severe episodes of major depression. In this review, we present and discuss research findings motivated by the formulation that individual differences in cognitive processes that control how information is processed influence the likelihood...

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relations between posttraumatic stress disorder's (PTSD) dysphoria and reexperiencing factors and underlying dimensions of rumination. 304 trauma-exposed primary care patients were administered the Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire, PTSD Symptom Scale based on their worst traumatic event, and Ruminative Thought Style Questionna...

According to the response-styles theory, rumination is a cognitive response to a stressor with repetitive and self-focused attention on a negative mood state. The attentional disengagement theory (Koster, De Lissnyder, Derakhshan, & De Raedt, 2011) highlights that attentional processes are critical underlying individual differences in ruminative thinking, such as reflective pondering and depres...

BACKGROUND Post-event processing (PEP) is defined as repetitive negative thinking following anxiety provoking social events. PEP is thought to maintain anxiety symptoms in Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) but little is known about the specific factors that contribute to the maintenance of PEP. AIMS The current study investigated how perceptions of performance and positive metacognitive beliefs m...

The “inability to switch off from work” — thinking about work during personal lives is one of the barriers work-life balance. However, there a lack empirical research on factors, and effective ways support balance have not been clarified because no scale measure it. This study’s purpose develop “Inability Switch Work Scale.” We conducted cross-sectional survey obtained data 416 full-time employ...

Adolescents’ lives undergo considerable reorganization during school transitions, which require establishing new peer relationships and participating in more demanding academic activities. Yet, little is known about how school-transition stressors affect adolescents’ feelings of social anxiety (SA) depression, especially among Hispanic youth who are at elevated risk for dropout. We examined as ...