BACKGROUND Increasing emphasis on family-centred approaches to services and supports for families of children with disabilities has surfaced the issue of accountability for family outcomes. We present a review of literature about the impacts of children with disabilities on families as a backdrop to proposing family quality of life as a concept that encompasses impacts of disability and one tha...

BACKGROUND In the new Sustainable Development Goal 4, quality of education defined as equity and inclusion alongside traditional learning outcomes, has replaced the narrow goal of access to primary education stipulated in the Millennium Development Goal 2. Since 2000, considerable progress has been made towards improving access to school for children in India, yet questions remain regarding not...

introduction junk food, due to the lack of vitamins, minerals and trace amounts of energy and protein, there is the risk that the child's stomach filled and by reducing her/his appetite, reduce the chance of nutritious foods. so it is necessary to determine the relationship between using of junk food with growth rate in children. materials and methods this cross-sectional descriptive-analy...

Background: The infectious nature of severe early-childhood caries (S-ECC) points to the possible participation of immunologic host responses including neutrophils and their antimicrobial products. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the neutrophil apoptosis, α-defensins (HNP1-3) and calprotectin levels in the saliva of preschool children and the association with S-ECC. Methods: ...

This study was conducted to determine the epidemiologic pattern's of shigellosis in children in Qazvin children hospital during 137 5-7 6. The study of 166 children with diagnosis of shigellosis (shigella was grown in s/c) during 2 years showed that: prevalence of shigellosis were high in male and summer, peak age of shigellosis was in 1-4 years (65/7%).Most common symptoms were fever (91.6%), ...

Abstract Arterial ischemic stroke defines as a new focal neurologic deficit that lasted 24 hours or longer. Stroke is relatively rare in children and incidence of cerebrovascular disease is 1 per 4000 in neonates and 1 per 7000 to 1 per 70000 in older children (1 month to 18 years). Protein S deficiency is one of the causes of the stroke in children. Major manifestations of protein S deficienc...

introduction: iron deficiency (id) is the most prevalent nutritional disorder in the world. the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (ida) is about 9% in toddlers, 9-11% in adolescent girls and less than 1% in teenage boys. ida presents when there is not sufficient iron for haemoglobin synthesis. in particular it has negative effects on the behavior, cognitive performance, immune system and phy...