Skeletal muscle regeneration is initiated by satellite cells, a population of adult stem cells that reside in the muscle tissue. The ability of satellite cells to self-renew and to differentiate into the muscle lineage is under transcriptional and epigenetic control. Satellite cells are characterized by an open and permissive chromatin state. The transcription factor Pax7 is necessary for satel...

Muscle wasting in chronic kidney disease (CKD) begins with impaired insulin/IGF-1 signaling, causing abnormal protein metabolism. In certain models of muscle atrophy, reduced satellite cell function contributes to atrophy, but how CKD affects satellite cell function is unknown. Here, we found that isolated satellite cells from mice with CKD had less MyoD, the master switch of satellite cell act...

PURPOSE Mammalian extraocular muscles (EOMs) are both physiologically and biochemically unique when compared with nonocular skeletal muscles. Recent studies have demonstrated a process of continuous myonuclear addition in normal uninjured myofibers in adult EOMs of rabbits and mice. The current study was conducted to determine whether this process of myonuclear addition is a universal phenomeno...

Satellite cells are myogenic precursors that proliferate, activate, and differentiate on muscle injury to sustain the regenerative capacity of adult skeletal muscle; in this process, they self-renew through the return to quiescence of the cycling progeny. This mechanism, while efficient in physiological conditions does not prevent exhaustion of satellite cells in pathologies such as muscular dy...

Stem cells for skeletal muscle originate from dermomyotome of the embryo. The early marker of these cells is expression of both transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7 (Pax3+/Pax7+ cells). The skeletal muscles in the adult organism have a remarkable ability to regenerate. Skeletal muscle damage induces degenerative phase, followed by activation of inflammatory and satellite cells. The satellite cel...

To determine the possible influence of satellite glial cells on restricting the spread of herpes simplex virus in the peripheral nervous system, HSV replication was studied in clonally derived cultures of satellite glial cells from adult animals. Satellite cells were purified by exploiting their close anatomical association with primary sensory neurons. Dissociated neurons from dorsal root gang...

Satellite cells are undifferentiated skeletal muscle stem cells lying at the periphery of muscle fiber. The role of satellite cells is now being much appreciated, not only as crucial players during growth and regeneration, but also as mediators in exercise-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy. This enlargement of muscle mass mainly results from resistance training which initiates five steps of c...

Adult skeletal muscle regeneration is orchestrated by a specialized population of adult stem cells called satellite cells, which are localized between the basal lamina and the plasma membrane of myofibers. The process of satellite cell-activation, proliferation, and subsequent differentiation that occurs during muscle regeneration can be recapitulated ex vivo by isolation of single myofibers fr...

Progressive myopathy is a major clinical feature of patients with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) disease. There is limited treatment available for these patients although exercise and other approaches to activate muscle stem cells (satellite cells) have been proposed. The majority of mtDNA defects are heteroplasmic (a mixture of mutated and wild-type mtDNA present within the muscle) with high levels...

Extraocular muscles (EOM) are unique among mammalian skeletal muscles in that they normally express molecules associated with muscle development and regeneration. In this study we show that satellite cells of EOM, unlike those of other skeletal muscles, continually divide in the normal, uninjured adult. Adult EOM contained activated satellite cells positive for the myogenic regulatory factor My...