The authors of "Relatedness, Conflict, and the Evolution of Eusociality" respond to objections raised by Martin Nowak and Benjamin Allen.

Conjugate gradient methods are widely used for unconstrained optimization, especially large scale problems. Most of conjugate gradient methods don’t always generate a descent search direction, so the descent condition is usually assumed in the analyses and implementations. Dai and Yuan (1999) proposed the conjugate gradient method which generates a descent direction at every iteration. Yabe and...

With a very long history, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a rich knowledge about human health and disease by its special way. To avoid losing lots of precious knowledge of TCM masters, endeavors have been engaged to keep down those knowledge of TCM masters, such as their growth experiences, effective practical cases toward sickness and typical treating methods and principles. In this pap...

In their article Liao et al. (2006) argued that it is feasible to use national scale daily kriging to estimate ambient air pollution exposure, even in locations where monitoring data are limited. In addition, they argued that national scale kriging is preferable to regional kriging and that automated variogram estimation is preferable to manual. The advocated methodology seems appealing when co...

Consider a C vector field together with an ergodic invariant probability that has l nonzero Lyapunov exponents. Using orthonormal moving frames along certain transitive orbits we construct a linear system of l differential equations which is a reduced form of Liao’s “standard system”. We show that the Lyapunov exponents of this linear system coincide with all the nonzero exponents of the given ...

Formal asymptotic expansions have long been used to study the singularly perturbed Allen-Cahn type equations and reaction-diffusion systems, including in particular the FitzHugh-Nagumo system. Despite their successful role, it has been largely unclear whether or not such expansions really represent the actual profile of solutions with rather general initial data. By combining our earlier result...

Complete List of Authors: Galli, Giulia; Kingston University, Department of Psychology Santarnecchi, Emiliano; Harvard University, Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Feurra, Matteo; National Research University Higher School of Economics, School of Psychology Bonifazi, Marco; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Neurologia e Neurofisiologia Clinica Rossi, Simone; Azie...

A real aether model of the vacuum proposed by Allen Rothwarf(1) based upon a degenerate Fermion fluid, composed of polarizable particle-antiparticle pairs, leads to a big bang model of the universe where the velocity of light varies inversely with the square root of the cosmological time. Here this model is used to determine the time dependence of certain fundamental constants, i.e., permittivi...