Applying the recent developments of scale transition theory, we demonstrate a systematic approach to the problem of scaling up local scale interactions to regional scale dynamics with field data. Dynamics on larger spatial scales differ from the predictions of local dynamics alone because of an interaction between nonlinearity in population dynamics at the local scale and spatial variation in d...

he main purpose of this research is to answer the question that "How neighborhood of Iran's trading partners will have an effect on Iran intra-industry trade? For this purpose, the impact of spatial neighborhood effects of 23 major trade partners on Iran’s intra-industry trade for the period of 1995-2014, has been investigated through Spatial Panel Econometric and Maximum Likelihood Estimator (...

A characteristic of data envelopment analysis (DEA) is to allow individual decision making units (DMUs) to select the factor weights that are the most advantages for them in calculating their efficiency scores. This flexibility in selecting the weights, on the other hand, deters the comparison among DMUs on a common base. For dealing with this difficulty and assessing all the DMUs on the same s...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to translate the Trunk Control Measurement Scale into a Korean version and to analyze the intra- and inter-rater reliability. [Subjects and Methods] Fifteen children with spastic cerebral palsy and four physical therapists with over 10 years of clinical experience participated in this study. A Korean-American physical therapist translated the trunk contro...

Spatial mobility is a topical concept of analytical migration science, which makes it possible to assess the desires, readiness and capabilities of the population to move over certain distances and time. In the management of spatial mobility assessment requires the organization of systematic monitoring, which includes identifying the mobility potential in spatial and temporal interpretation, th...

It is argued that a ‘scene corpus’ would be a useful tool for the training and testing of systems for grounded spatial communication in the same way that text corpora have been used for training and assessing other language processing systems. Such a scene corpus would need to allow a full range of spatial relationships to be expressed over a range of scale spaces. The scenes should be sufficie...

objective(s) cyclooxygenases  (coxs) are known to play some roles in physiological mechanisms related to learning and memory. since sodium salicylate is an inhibitor of cox, we have evaluated the effect of peripheral and intra-hippocampal administration of sodium salicylate on spatial learning and memory in male rats. materials and methods male rats were studied in two groups; the first group r...

It is now clear that mechanisms of sex determination are extraordinarily labile, with considerable variation across all taxonomic levels. This variation is often expressed through differences in the genetic system (XX-XY, XX-XO, haplodiploidy, and so on). Why there is so much variation in such a seemingly fundamental process has attracted much attention, with recent ideas concentrating on the p...