Clinical observations indicate that activation of the TNF-α system may contribute to the development of inflammation-associated depression. Here, we tested the hypothesis that systemic upregulation of TNF-α induces neuroinflammation and behavioral changes relevant to depression. We report that a single intraperitoneal injection of TNF-α in mice increased serum and brain levels of the proinflamm...

The pathogenesis of equine grass sickness (EGS) has not fully understood. A better understanding of the exact pathogenesis of diseases can help to make an accurate diagnosis. Previous studies reported some pathological damage of neuronal cells in EGS patients. In this study, primarily cytotoxicity of serum from three clinically EGS-diagnosed horses on PC12 Tet-off (PTO) cells was assessed. Subs...

We have investigated the pathogenesis of glomerular hypercellularity seen in acute serum sickness nephritis induced in rabbits with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The increase in cellularity began with the first stages of immune clearance of BSA, with a peak cellularity occuring at the time of onset of proteinuria. Although there was a significant increase in the fraction of glomerular cells incor...

Objective: This research revealed the biochemical outcomes of metabolic dysregulation in serum associated with physiological sickness behavior following lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in rats, and treatment with Clinacanthus nutans (CN). Verification of 1H NMR analysis of the CN aqueous extract proved the existence of bioactive phytochemical constituents’ in extract. Materia...

A 43-year-old woman sought advice about the treatment of her sea-sickness. A sea-kayaking enthusiast, she suffers disturbing motion sickness in big seas. The usual remedies have either been ineffective or made her drowsy. A scuba-diving instructor recommended that she try taking pheny-toin the night before going kayaking, and she wonders whether there is any evidence to support this recommendat...

BACKGROUND The therapeutic efficacy of horse antilymphocyte globulins (ALG) or of rabbit antithymocyte globulins (ATG), used for both the prevention and treatment of allograft rejection has been well documented. However, clinical use of these heterologous antibodies can result in the production of antibodies against horse or rabbit proteins and in the development of serum sickness via circulati...