In this paper w e discuss three little known letters on the Konigsberg bridges problem. These letters indicate more clearly Euler’s attitude to the problem and to his solution of it.

for banks and financial institutions, credit risk had been an essential factor that needed to be managed well. credit risk was the possibility that a borrower of counter party would fail to meet its obligations in accordance with agreed terms. credit risk; therefore arise from the bank’s dealings with or lending to corporate, individuals, and other banks or financial institutions.  credit risk...

Iranian banking network policymakers are focused on bank consolidation as one of the reform policies in recent years. But before merging banks, it is necessary to examine their effects. Loans are one crucial item in the bankschr('39') balance sheets that are affected by bank consolidation. In the Iranian banking network, loans are offered to various economic sectors. What is important for banki...

Economic Value Added, or EVA is one of the popular tools that bankers can use to measure the financial performance of their bank. EVA helps management to conduct internal goal-setting. The long-term goal is preferred than short-term implications. It measures the company’s financial performance based on the residual wealth calculated by deducting its cost of capital from its operating profit, ad...

value creation as an essential concept of value-based marketing has not been studied in iran commercial banks with no native measuring scale. this study aimed at develops a native scale for measuring value creation and the measures index’s amount in iran commercial banks. accordingly as a result of theoretical and exploratory studies a comprehensive scale was developed which shows dimensions of...