wheat production with the least use of chemical inputs is an important goal of modern farming to decrease of negative effects of the use of chemical inputs. this paper has estimated the virtual profit of organic wheat in transition period using a cross sectional data of 453 wheat producers of khorasan razavi province during 2007. a model introduced to this objective so that it has ability of es...

warranty as a kind of service contract today plays a role key in business and legal transactions. in this paper, we present a manufacturer, an agent and a customer's model under different service contracts suggestions. the manufacturer's profit is maximized by determining sale price, warranty period and warranty price. in addition we obtain optimal maintenance cost or repair cost for ...

Stoichiometric models of metabolism, such as flux balance analysis (FBA), are classically applied to predicting steady state rates - or fluxes - of metabolic reactions in genome-scale metabolic networks. Here we revisit the central assumption of FBA, i.e. that intracellular metabolites are at steady state, and show that deviations from flux balance (i.e. flux imbalances) are informative of some...

The paper estimates the shadow prices of SO2 emissions for 36 Czech industry sectors during the period 2000-2008. A convex nonparametric least squares quadratic optimization formulated by Mekaroonreung & Johnson (2012) is applied to measure technical efficiency and to jointly estimate the shadow prices of SO2 emissions. The weighted average shadow price ranges between 360€ and 1,316€ per ton of...

We introduce a wholesale pricing strategy for an incumbent supplier facing with a competitive counterpart. We propose a profit function which considers both the present loss and future loss from a wholesale price and then study the optimal wholesale prices for different objectives about this profit function for the incumbent supplier. First, we achieve an optimal wholesale price for the incumbe...

producers and consumers’ price behavior were analyzed in chicken meat market in fars province. monthly average producers and consumers prices from june 1997 to july 2008 were taken into account. changes in the producer and consumer prices indicated that the prices follow an increasing trend with much fluctuations. marketing margin has an increasing trend of violent fluctuations. the result of g...

a r t i c l e i n f o Shadow price is one of the most important pieces of information in environmental decision making. Two different approaches—namely, economic and engineering—have been applied to obtain the shadow price of undesirable outputs, while using different methodological backgrounds and perspectives. The current study proposes a new conceptual framework and an economic estimation mo...

In some situations the producers desire to maximize total profit of Decision Making Units (DMUs) while the inputs and outputs prices of DMUs change from one time period to another. In this paper, the researchers develop productivity index when producers are going to maximize total profit when the price of inputs and outputs are known.The proposed method uses all price information about inputs a...

This article considers the deterministic singular optimal control problem of profit maximisation for inventory replenished at a variable rate and depleted by demand which is assumed to vary with price and stock availability. Optimal policies for the product order rate and price are derived using the maximum principle. Several initial inventory regions are identified as potential inventory state...