Salinity stress tolerance in durum wheat is strongly associated with a plant's ability to control Na(+) delivery to the shoot. Two loci, termed Nax1 and Nax2, were recently identified as being critical for this process and the sodium transporters HKT1;4 and HKT1;5 were identified as the respective candidate genes. These transporters retrieve Na(+) from the xylem, thus limiting the rates of Na(+...

We use a one dimensional symmetric exclusion model to study pressure and osmosis driven flows through molecular-sized channels, such as biological membrane channels and zeolite pores. Analytic expressions are found for the steady-state flow which show rich nonlinear behavior. We find a maximum in the flow rates depending upon pore radius, pore energetics, reservoir temperature, and driving forc...

Molecular-sized micropores of ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts provide spatial restrictions around catalytic sites that allow for shape-selective catalysis. However, the fact that ZSM-5 has two main pore systems with different geometries is relatively unexploited as a potential source of additional shape selectivity. Here, we use confocal laser-scanning microscopy to show that by changing the polarity o...

When two binary solutions are separated by a permeable barrier, the individual species typically diffuse and mix, dissipating their chemical potential gradients. However, we use model lattice simulations to show that single-file molecular-sized channels (such biomembrane channels and zeolites) can exhibit diffusional pumping, where one type of particle uses its entropy of mixing to drive anothe...

Introduction Much effort has been directed towards the development of advanced membrane-based separation technologies to facilitate the deployment of sustainability into industrial production processes. By supporting sustainable development through knowledge and creation of dissemination, innovation goals can be revisited and new targets can be set. Currently, an integrated approach towards sus...

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to compare and evaluate the financial performances leading airline companies in Europe before during Covid-19 process. Design/methodology/approach  In study, 7 top 10 terms number passengers 2019, second quarter fourth 2019 2020 were taken into consideration. Financial ratios, which are frequently used literature, calculated through data obtained from rep...

The title compound, [FeCl2(C12H26N4)]PF6, is the first mononuclear Fe3+ complex of an ethylene cross-bridged tetraaza-macrocycle to be structurally characterized. Comparison with the mononuclear Fe2+ complex of the same ligand shows that the smaller Fe3+ ion is more fully encapsulated by the cavity of the bicyclic ligand. Comparison with the mu-oxo dinuclear complex of an unsubstituted ligand o...