OBJECTIVE To develop a clinically useful patient-reported screening tool for health care providers to identify patients with spasticity in need of treatment regardless of etiology. DESIGN Eleven spasticity experts participated in a modified Delphi panel and reviewed and revised 2 iterations of a screening tool designed to identify spasticity symptoms and impact on daily function and sleep. Sp...

Spasticity is one of the most physically debilitating disabilities following stroke and may slow down the potential success of rehabilitation. Glutamate and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors have been shown to play a crucial role in spasticity following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Gua Lou Gui Zhi decoction (GLGZD) is a well-known traditional C...

Spasticity is a disorder commonly found in people having upper motor neuron lesion and whose involvement can happen at different levels. The Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) is the most routinely used instrument in clinical practice to assign spasticity levels. However, due to its inherent subjectivity, inter-evaluator discrepancies arise. Therefore, there are systems that quantitatively evaluate ...

Spasticity is one of the common complications in upper motor neuron lesions and without appropriate treatment it causes disturbances in movement pattern. Assessments of patients are effective in patient's management. Modified Ashworth scale (MAS) is one of the criteria in qualitative assessment of spasticity, and there are lots of controversies about its validity. The purpose of this study is t...

BACKGROUND Spasticity and loss of function in an affected arm are common after stroke. Although botulinum toxin is used to reduce spasticity, its functional benefits are less easily demonstrated. This paper reports an exploratory meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between reduced arm spasticity and improved arm function. METHOD Individual data from stroke patients in two randomised...

Background: The plant Cannabis sativa contains numerous cannabinoids, which are aromatic hydrocarbons that have central nervous system effects mediated through specific cannabinoid receptors. Some patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) report symptomatic relief from spasticity, pain, and other symptoms when using smoked cannabis, and small trials have suggested some symptomatic benefit. Objectiv...

OBJECTIVES Clinically, it is assumed that spasticity of the calf muscles interferes with walking after stroke. The aim was to examine this assumption by evaluating the contribution of spasticity in the gastrocnemius muscle to walking dysfunction in an ambulant stroke population several months after stroke. METHODS Fourteen stroke patients who were able to walk independently and 15 neurologica...

The management of childhood spasticity requires a multidisciplinary effort. With input from pediatricians, physical and occupational therapists, neurologists, orthotists, orthopedic surgeons, neurological surgeons, and other healthcare personnel, effective treatment for spasticity can be initiated and maintained that can lead to meaningful improvements in quality of life for vast numbers of chi...