This paper presents two parameter tying techniques which enable a trade-off between computational cost and recognition performances of a speaker independent flexible speech recognition system working over the telephone network. Parameter tying is conducted at phonetic and acoustic levels. At the phonetic level, allophone and triphone based phonetic modeling are used simultaneously to achieve th...

The primary component of the sex pilus encoded by IncP (RP4) and Ti plasmids has been identified as a circular pilin protein with a peptide bond between the amino and carboxyl terminus. Here, we review the key experiments that led to this discovery, and the present mechanistic model for pilin-precursor processing and the cyclization reaction. In addition, we discuss the implications for horizon...

In this paper, stabilizing problems in control design are addressed for linear discrete-time systems, reflecting equality constraints tying together some state variables. Based on an enhanced representation of the bounded real lemma for discretetime systems, the existence of a state feedback control for such conditioned stabilization is proven, and an LMI-based design procedure is provided. The...

We propose to apply the concept of irrelevant variability normalization to the general problem of learning structure f r o m data. Because of the problems of a diversified training data set and/or possible acoustic mismatches between training and testing conditions, the structure learned from the training data by using a maximum likelihood training method will not necessarily generalize well on...