context-dependent modeling is a well-known approach to increase modeling accuracy in continuous speech recognition. the most common way to implement this approach is via triphone modeling. nevertheless, the large number of such models results in several problems in model training, whilst the robust training of such models is often hardly obtained. one approach to solve this problem is via param...

In this paper several modi cations of two methods for parameter reduction of Hidden Markov Models by state tying are described. The two methods represent a data driven clustering triphone states with a bottom up algorithm [3, 9], and a top down method growing decision trees for triphone states [2, 10]. We investigate several aspects of state tying as the possible reduction of the word error rat...

In this paper, an approach of penalized Bayesian information criterion (pBIC) for decision tree state tying is described. The pBIC is applied to two important applications. First, it is used as a decision tree growing criterion in place of the conventional approach of using a heuristic constant threshold. It is found that original BIC penalty is too low and will not lead to compact decision tre...

Context-dependent modeling is a widely used technique for better phone modeling in continuous speech recognition. While different types of context-dependent models have been used, triphones have been known as the most effective ones. In this paper, a Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) estimation approach has been used to estimate the parameters of the untied triphone model set used in data-driven clust...

An approach is proposed for partial tying of states of tiedmixture hidden Markov models. To facilitate tying at the substate level, the state emission probabilities are constructed in two stages, or equivalently, are viewed as a ‘‘mixture of mixtures of Gaussians.’’ This paradigm allows, and is complemented with, an optimization technique to seek the best complexity-accuracy tradeoff solution, ...

the main principle governing any contract is freedom of contracts. a contract may contain restraint or a limitation clause for one or both parties. franchise is a complex and detailed contract having different limitations along with its subject matter. in the case of franchising, the tying product is till' franchise itself and the tied products are the supplies the franchisee must purchase to o...

Two approaches are proposed for the design of tied-mixture hidden Markov models (TMHMM). One approach improves parameter sharing via partial tying of TMHMM states. To facilitate tying at the substate level, the state emission probabilities are constructed in two stages or, equivalently, are viewed as a “mixture of mixtures of Gaussians.” This paradigm allows, and is complemented with, an optimi...

Deep neural network (DNN) based speech recognizers have recently replaced Gaussian mixture (GMM) based systems as the state-of-the-art. While some of the modeling techniques developed for the GMM based framework may directly be applied to HMM/DNN systems, others may be inappropriate. One such example is the creation of context-dependent tied states, for which an efficient decision tree state ty...

This paper presents rule-based triphone mapping for acoustic models training in automatic speech recognition. We test if the incorporation of expanded knowledge at the level of parameter tying in acoustic modeling improves the performance of automatic speech recognition in Slovak. We propose a novel technique of knowledge-based triphone tying, which allows the synthesis of unseen triphones. The...

workers who carry out manual rebar tying tasks are exposed to muscular-skeletal injuries associated with the use of manual tools and the movements associated with them (force, repetitiveness and awkward wrist postures). this paper presents a background on musculoskeletal injuries directly linked to manual and mechanical rebar tying method is conducted. the objective of this study is to compare ...