Early economic modelling has long been recommended to aid research and development (R&D;) decisions in medical innovation, although they are less frequently published and critically appraised. A review of 30 innovations by Grutters et al provides an opportunity to evaluate how early models are used in practice. The evidence of early models can be used to inform two types...

Translation arrest leads to an endonucleolytic cleavage of mRNA that is termed no-go decay (NGD). It has been reported that the Dom34:Hbs1 complex stimulates this endonucleolytic cleavage of mRNA induced by translation arrest in vivo and dissociates subunits of a stalled ribosome in vitro. Here we report that Dom34:Hbs1 dissociates the subunits of a ribosome that is stalled at the 3' end of mRN...

Research on multitasking indicates that central processing capacity is limited, resulting in a performance decrement when central processes overlap in time. A notable exception seems to be stopping responses. The main theoretical and computational accounts of stop performance assume that going and stopping do not share processing capacity. This independence assumption has been supported by many...

The growing interest of mobile computing and communication devices, leads to the needs of wireless broadband networks. Data transmission over such networks requires suitable error control schemes to guarantee high data reliability as well as efficient bandwidth utilization. This paper proposes an accurate but simple analytical approach to evaluate the performance of wireless networks using gate...

This paper deals with performance improvement of the sign algorithm, which is known to be suffering from slow rate of convergence, especially when the input signal is highly correlated. To overcome this drawback, decorrelated input signal is used to pilot the adaptive filter. In this paper, we show that using this technique, a punctual degradation can occur when the pre-whitened input direction...

The eye and brain develop coordinately during the period of photoreceptor axon ingrowth in the larval stage. The spatiotemporal pattern of ommatidial differentiation in the eye (posterior earlier than anterior) results in a temporal pattern of photoreceptor axon arrival in the brain. In the eye, new ommatidia initiate differentiation at the anterior (left), while older ommatidia add additional ...

We investigate the transfer function emanating from linearization of a car-following model for human drivers when taking into account their reaction time, which is known to be cause stop-and-go traffic phenomenon. This leads nonrational function, implying nontrivial stability conditions are explicitly given. They in particular satisfied whenever string holds. also show how this time can introdu...

Emissions from motor vehicles, one of the most important air pollution sources in city, is emerging as a growing problem large-scale cities. The amounts emissions are affected by number vehicles traffic, vehicle technology, geometric and traffic conditions highways intersections, environmental factors. Traffic flow mostly interrupted at Intersections local especially city centers. these points,...

BACKGROUND Despite sensational news reports, few studies have quantified the rates of poor driving performance among older drivers and the predictors of poor performance. We determined the rate of running red traffic lights among older drivers and the relationship of failure to stop to measures of vision and cognition. METHODS Multiple measures of vision and cognition were collected at the ba...