The effect of the substrate structure on the radiation properties of microstrip array feed networks is investigated with the space-domain integral equation approach. Numerical and analytical techniques are employed to produce efficient computer algorithms. Results for space and surface wave losses are presented for corner discontinuities printed on substratelsuperstrate, and two-layer substrate...

Zinc oxide thin films have been obtained on bare and GaN buffer layer decorated Si (111) substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), respectively. GaN buffer layer was achieved by a two-step method. The structure, surface morphology, composition, and optical properties of these thin films were investigated by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, infrared absorption s...

A rough surface texture was found on laser sintered titanium substrate, which was responsible for instability of the calcium phosphate layer from the point of view of obtaining good adhesivity to the substrate at given preparation conditions. After the mechanical treatment and following soaking of Ti substrate in 3 M NaOH solution, the surface texture was much smoother than in the original samp...

Chitosan (CS) and alginate (Alg) are complementary in their membrane performance, but the combination of them is normally difcult to use due to their different solubilities. Layer-by-Layer deposition appears to be an effective method for improving the separation efciency of a composite membrane. In this work, the polyelectrolyte multilayer composite membranes (PEMCMs) wer...

ZnO nanorods (NRs) were synthesized using an in situ low-temperature hydrothermal method. In order to investigate the effect of different seed layers on quality of ZnO NRs arrays, alcoholic, alkaline and acidic seed solutions were deposited by spin coating on ITO-glass substrate. Experimental results revealed that the vertically ZnO NRs obtained from monoethanolamine-based seed layer is the...

Securing a semiconducting bandgap is essential for applying graphene layers in switching devices. Theoretical studies have suggested a created bulk bandgap in a graphene layer by introducing an asymmetry between the A and B sub-lattice sites. A recent transport measurement demonstrated the presence of a bandgap in a graphene layer where the asymmetry was introduced by placing a graphene layer o...

We address the folding induced by differential growth in soft layered solids via an elementary model that consists of a soft growing neo-Hookean elastic layer adhered to a deep elastic substrate. As the layer-to-substrate modulus ratio is varied from above unity toward zero, we find a first transition from supercritical smooth folding followed by cusping of the valleys to direct subcritical cus...

The paper deals with the mechanical behavior of a micro-beam bonded with two piezoelectric layers. The micro-beam is suspended over a fixed substrate and undergoes the both piezoelectric and electrostatic actuation. The piezoelectric layers are poled through the thickness and equipped with surface electrodes. The equation governing the micro-beam deflection under electrostatic pressure is deriv...

In this paper metal-assisted chemical etching has been applied to pattern porous silicon regions and silicon nanohole arrays in submicron period simply by using positive photoresist as a mask layer. In order to define silicon nanostructures, Metal-assisted chemical etching (MaCE) was carried out with silver catalyst. Provided solution (or materiel) in combination with laser interference lithogr...

- The mechanism of diffusion layer growth in plasma nitrided coatings applied on a St52 steel using an active screen is investigated. The nitriding was performed at 450,500 and 550 ◦C temperature nitriding times of 5, 10 and 15 h, in a gas mixture containing 20 vol. % H2: 80 vol. % N2 and DC-pulsed plasma nitriding unit. The surface, cross section and the thickness of diffusion of specimens ...