BACKGROUND The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a part of the rewarding cortico-mesolimbic dopamine (DA) pathway. This is a heterogeneous structure divided in two sub regions termed core and shell. DA function in the NAc is critical for goal-oriented behaviors, including those motivated by drug and brain stimulation reward. In the conditioned-place preference (CPP) paradigm, a test assessing animal's...

Gene regulation in the brain is essential for long-term plasticity and memory formation. Despite this established notion, the quantitative translational map in the brain during memory formation has not been reported. To systematically probe the changes in protein synthesis during memory formation, our recent study exploited ribosome profiling using the mouse hippocampal tissues at multiple time...

Compiling Bayesian networks (BNs) is one of the hot topics in the area of probabilistic modeling and processing. In this paper, we propose a new method of compiling BNs into multi-linear functions (MLFs) based on Zero-suppressed BDDs (ZBDDs), which are the graph-based representation of combinatorial item sets. Our method is different from the original approach of Darwiche et. al which encodes B...

Mining frequent patterns such as frequent itemsets is a core operation in many important data mining tasks, such as in association rule mining. Mining frequent itemsets in high-dimensional datasets is challenging, since the search space is exponential in the number of dimensions and the volume of patterns can be huge. Many of the state-of-the-art techniques rely upon the use of prefix trees (e....

The middle temporal area of the extrastriate visual cortex (area MT) is integral to motion perception and is thought to play a key role in the perceptual learning of motion tasks. We have previously found, however, that perceptual learning of a motion discrimination task is possible even when the training stimulus contains locally balanced, motion opponent signals that putatively suppress the r...

We consider the adversarial combinatorial multi-armed bandit (CMAB) problem, whose decisionset can be exponentially large with respect to the number of given arms. To avoid dealing with suchlarge decision sets directly, we propose an algorithm performed on a zero-suppressed binary decisiondiagram (ZDD), which is a compressed representation of the decision set. The proposed algor...

(Abstract) Frequent item set mining is one of the fundamental techniques for knowledge discovery and data mining. In the last decade, a number of efficient algorithms for frequent item set mining have been presented, but most of them focused on just enumerating the item set patterns which satisfy the given conditions, and it was a different matter how to store and index the result of patterns f...

We introduce a new approach to Boolean satisfiability that combines backtrack search techniques and zero-suppressed binary decision diagrams (ZBDDs). This approach implicitly represents satisfiability instances using ZBDDs, and performs search using an efficient implementation of unit propagation on the ZBDD structure. We describe how to perform backtrack search using ZBDDs as the underlying st...

Motor learning has traditionally been associated with the concept of automaticity. Automaticity refers to the reduction of the cognitive effort required to perform a motor task, as learning progresses. However, there is little detailed consensus in the literature on what the process of automatization actually involves. We measured tracking performance in two groups of participants while either ...