Abstract Illegal logging is a global concern, associated with severe negative environmental, social and economic impacts, such as deforestation, degradation of biodiversity loss government revenues. Despite recent international efforts to combat illegal activities, the problem remains widespread. While academic literature on subject extensive, little systematic research has been devoted analysi...

This paper is aimed to analyze the multiple forms and faces of corruption, its typology and levels. The analysis begins reviewing a typology categorizing political corruption, economic corruption and public administration corruption and showing some examples of typologies, establishing the levels of corruption and indicating where can be encountered. It is concluded that corruption is just as m...

combating corruption need a multi pronged strategy because of the unintegrated and distributed nature of corruption. in this paper we review literature of anti corruption strategy and extract 26 indicator with a preventive approach and present the indicator in a economical , political , social , administrative section for national strategy of islamic republic of iran .the experts accept the ind...

While various forms of corruption are common in many health systems around the world, defining wrongdoing in terms of legality and the use of public office for private gain obstructs our understanding of its nature and intractability. To address this, I suggest, we must not only break the silence about the extent of wrongdoing in the health sector, but also talk differe...

This commentary while agreeing broadly with the points raised by the editorial by McKee et al, seeks to broaden and deepen those arguments. The commentary contends that unless we understand corruption as deeply embedded in and propping up systems of power differentials, we will not be able to design interventions that will tackle corruption at its roots. The commentary further points to the con...

although the corrupted condition is not protected by sanctions, there are three beliefs as to whether its corruption (fasād) permeates the contract (‘aqd) or not: theory of fasād, theory of non-permeation of fasād, theory of detailed specification (tafṣīl). the proponents of the latter theory claim the total exclusion of the condition that causes disturbance in the basic components of the contr...

Corruption is a persistent problem in Indonesia. The impact of corruption very widespread which results poverty and inhibits infrastructure development. Law enforcement for perpetrators Indonesia still uses minimum maximum imprisonment the form fines. This resulted difficulty recovering state financial losses due to corruption. So new paradigm criminalizing needed through concept Deferred Prose...

The present study explored the relationship between religiosity and work conscience with a tendency to administrative financial corruption. A sample of 400 participants was selected through systematic sampling method. data collected by questionnaire, validity which determined face validity, reliability checked internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha analytical results also showed that have ...