In this paper, we examine key issues underlying the design and operation of robots featuring continuous body (“continuum”) elements. We contrast continuum and continuum‐like robots created to date with their counterparts in the natural world. It is observed that natural continuum locomotors or manipulators almost invariably rely on hard or discrete elements (in t...

Arabidopsis spiral1 (spr1) mutants show a right-handed helical growth phenotype in roots and etiolated hypocotyls due to impaired directional growth of rapidly expanding cells. SPR1 encodes a small protein with as yet unknown biochemical functions, though its localization to cortical microtubules (MTs) suggests that SPR1 maintains directional cell expansion by regulating cortical MT functions. ...

In Present work, the main objective is to develop less time consuming protocol for genomic DNA isolation from leaves of Passiflora foetida. Optimized protocol is cost effective, as it avoided use of expensive liquid nitrogen. The important parameters of CTAB buffer composition such as Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP40000 (without PVP, 1%, 2%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%, 5.0%), CTAB (w, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%), wate...

Abstract A sweet fruit taste of passion is produced by Passiflora ligularis , which adapts in around 1400 masl. Some P. edulis accessions wide elevation adaptation was reported to have a taste. This study aimed examine the morphological characteristics progenies from red- and yellow-rind obtain an adaptive accession low-elevation conditions. total 118 classified as their parents’ rind color sha...

A cylindrical rubber fiber subject to a twist will also elongate: manifestation of Poynting’s effect in large strain elasticity. Here, we construct an analogous treatment for active actuated via axisymmetric pattern spontaneous distortion. We start by constructing exact large-deformation solution the equations elasticity such imposed and stretch, which reveals warping twisting cross section abs...

MIKC(C)-type MADS box genes encode transcription factors that play crucial roles in plant growth and development. Analysis of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera) genome revealed up to 38 MIKC(C)-type genes. We report here a complete analysis of this gene family regarding their phylogenetic relationships with homologous genes identified in other sequenced dicot genomes, their genome location, and gen...

This chapter discusses the insights gained from simulations using realistic propagation model. Speci cally the performance in terms of coverage and achievable bit rates, and topologies formed are dealt with. It is shown that the topologies formed in mesh networks pave way for development of new protocols. Speci cally, an e cient paging protocol for urban mesh network setting is developed that m...

Case report The patient had a history of coronary artery disease postcoronary artery bypass graft and was hospitalized for syncope due to atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular response, and underwent ventricular pacemaker implantation (VVIR mode). Under fluoroscopic guidance, a right ventricular screw-in lead was inserted via the cephalic vein. The course of the pacemaker leads deviated fro...

A perversion in an otherwise uniform helical structure, such as a climbing plant tendril, refers to a kink that connects two helices with opposite chiralities. Such singularity structures are widely seen in natural and artificial mechanical systems, and they provide the fundamental mechanism of helical symmetry breaking. However, it is still not clear how perversions arise in various helical st...