Zipf's law is the major regularity of statistical linguistics that has served as a prototype for rank-frequency relations and scaling laws in natural sciences. Here we show that Zipf's law-together with its applicability for a single text and its generalizations to high and low frequencies including hapax legomena-can be derived from assuming that the words are drawn into the text with random p...

This paper systematically investigates comoving Mpc scale intergalactic medium (IGM) environment around galaxies traced by the Ly$\alpha$ forest. Using our cosmological hydrodynamic simulations, we investigate IGM-galaxy connection at $z=2$ two methods: (I) cross-correlation analysis between and fluctuation of forest transmission ($\delta_\text{F}$); (II) comparing overdensity neutral hydrogen ...

Many formulas and methods for assessing the readability of a text or determining the appropriate grade level are inaccurate and based only on surface features of text. In automatic assessment of a text’s reading level, computers can easily run more sophisticated models than simple algebraic formulas; the goal of this project is to create such a model. Indexes and statistics will be computed wit...

Example-Based Machine Translation (EBMT) using partial exact matching against a database of translation examples has proven quite successful, but requires a large amount of pre-translated text in order to achieve broad coverage of unrestricted text. By adding linguistically tagged entries to the example base and permitting recursive matches that replace the matched text with the associated tag,...

MOTIVATION Full-text documents potentially hold more information than their abstracts, but require more resources for processing. We investigated the added value of full text over abstracts in terms of information content and occurrences of gene symbol--gene name combinations that can resolve gene-symbol ambiguity. RESULTS We analyzed a set of 3902 biomedical full-text articles. Different key...

With the growth of Internet, large amount of text data is increasing, which are created by different media like social networking sites, web, and other informatics sources, etc. This data is in unstructured format which makes it tedious to analyze it, so we need methods and algorithms which can be used with various types of text formats. Clustering is an important part of the data mining. Clust...

The physical data of the semiconductor materials used in the design of a CIGS absorber based thin film photovoltaic cell have been presented in this data article. Besides, the values of the contact parameter and operating conditions of the cell have been reported. Furthermore, by conducting the simulation with data corresponding to the device structure: soda-lime glass (SLG) substrate/Mo back-c...

Many supersymmetric models such as the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (CMSSM) feature a strip in parameter space where the lightest neutralino [Formula: see text] is identified as the lightest supersymmetric particle, the lighter stop squark [Formula: see text] is the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle (NLSP), and the relic [Formula: see text] cold dark...