with regard to the relationship between the use of modality and readability levels oftexts, 2 opposing views have been raised. the first view endorses direct positiverelationship between modality and readability in the sense that the use of modalityincreases textual understandability. the second view is that the use of modality leadsto an increase in the number of words, resulting in readabilit...

As the discovery of information from text corpora becomes more and more important there is a necessity to develop clustering algorithms designed for such a task. One of the most, successful approach to clustering is the density based methods. However due to the very high dimensionality of the data, these algorithms are not directly applicable. In this paper we demonstrate the need to suitably e...

this study compared 2 main approaches to readability assessment. thequantitative approach applied idea density based on part of speech tagging andcompared 3 sets of text types (i.e., narrative, expository, and argumentative) withrespect to their ease of reading. the qualitative approach was done throughdeveloping questionnaires measuring intermediate efl learners’ perceptions oncontent, motivat...

This paper examines variations of text density levels for learning in a computer-based instruction (CBI) tutorial from an integrated perspective, and addresses the following questions: (1) What is the text density? (2) What are the relationships among text density approaches? and (3) What are the contributions of text density for learning and how can perceptual skills and human factors be used ...

The notion of expectancy grammar as a key to understanding the nature of psychologically real processes that underlie language use is introduced by Oller (1979). A central issue in this notion is that expectancy generating systems are constructed and modified in the course of language acquisition. Thus, one of the characteristics of language proficiency is that it consists of such an expectancy...

this study was intended first to categorize the l2 learners in terms of their learning style preferences and second to investigate if their learning preferences are related to lexical inferencing. moreover, strategies used for lexical inferencing and text related issues of text density and parts of speech were studied to determine their moderating effects and the best predictors of lexical infe...