Arc plasma torches are the primary components of various industrial thermal plasma processes involving plasma spraying, metal cutting and welding, thermal plasma CVD, metal melting and remelting, waste treatment and gas production. They are relatively simple devices whose operation implies intricate thermal, chemical, electrical, and fluid dynamics phenomena. Modeling may be used as a means to ...

Normally, the phase diagram is reported as a property of the binary mixture. We show that the phase diagram (that is, the zones of thermodynamic stability of the states of the binary mixture) is also affected by the size of the container. We investigate the thermodynamic stability of the binary mixture in a closed cavity, and identify the zone in parameters where the binary mixture is heterogen...

Group electronegativities, which take into account the influence of chemical environment, are calculated. Equilibrium electronegativity is defined on the basis of group electronegativity. Using relative bond lengths and equilibrium electronegativies, we create a novel semiempirical topological descriptor, Nt. A quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model is subsequently developed ...

In this article, we discuss the relationships between thermodynamic quantities and the spatial pattern in a reaction-diffusion model based on the reversible Gray-Scott model. This model is introduced for calculation of the entropy production in a reaction-diffusion system. First, we show the relationship between entropy production and pattern formation, and suggest that the entropy production c...

Verlinde recently suggested that gravity, inertia, and even spacetime may be emergent properties of an underlying thermodynamic theory. This vision was motivated in part by Jacobson's 1995 surprise result that the Einstein equations of gravity follow from the thermodynamic properties of event horizons. Taking a first tentative step in such a program, we derive the evaporation rate (or radiation...

The Dirac semimetal ${\mathrm{PdTe}}_{2}$ becomes superconducting at a temperature ${T}_{c}=1.6$ K. Thermodynamic and muon spin rotation experiments support type-I superconductivity, which is unusual for binary compound. A key property of superconductor the intermediate state, presents coexistence normal domains magnetic fields lower than thermodynamic critical field ${H}_{c}$. We present scann...

Title of dissertation: THERMODYNAMICS, REVERSIBILTY AND JAYNES’ APPROACH TO STATISTICAL MECHANICS Daniel N. Parker, Doctor of Philosophy, 2006 Dissertation directed by: Professor Jeffrey Bub Department of Philosophy This dissertation contests David Albert’s recent arguments that the proposition that the universe began in a particularly low entropy state (the “past hypothesis”) is necessary and ...

The development of biomass pyrolysis oil refineries is a very promising path for the production biofuels and bioproducts from lignocellulosic materials. Given that bio-oil complex mixture organic compounds, valuable may imply use different separation processes, such as distillation, selective condensation, crystallization based on melting points, liquid–liquid extraction or adsorption, and/or u...