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Citrus stubborn disease is caused by the helical mollicute Spiroplasma citri. The pathogen is naturally transmitted by sap feeding leafhopper vectors. In the present study attempts were made to detect S. citri in presumptive vectors. Leafhoppers were collected from various wild and cultivated plants in citrus growing areas in Jirfot. Fifteen leafhopper species were identified and 12 species w...
An analysis of the climate parametrization scheme adopted by conventional forest gap models revealed that most models assume a constant climate and are difficult to calibrate consistently. Tree growth showed unrealistically sensitive threshold effects along ecological gradients of temperature and precipitation. A new parametrization was compared with its predecessors in terms of the model's cap...
BACKGROUND Pay for performance (P4P) schemes have become increasingly popular innovations in primary care and have generated questions about their effect on improving quality of care. AIMS To provide a brief outline of the international evidence on the relationship between P4P schemes and quality improvement. METHOD We conducted a literature search using relevant databases and reference lis...
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine diseases and its type II is the major form of diabetes, accounting for 90% of cases worldwide. The inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes such as ?-amylase can be an important strategy in the control of blood glucose levels in patients with type II diabetes. In this investigation, three Morus species, M. alba, M. alba var. nigra and ...
Some 350 Trichoderma isolates were obtained from soil samples collected from different parts of Iran. Cultures were purified on 2% water agar by hyphal tip method prior to identification. Obtained isolates were identified using morphological features including colony characters (pigmentation and growth rate on PDA) and microscopic characters such as shape of conidiophores, shape and size of con...
this work is presented in five parts. in the first part preparation of the starting complex [pt(c^n)cl(dmso)], 1, in which c^n = n(1),c(2?)-chelated, deprotonated 2-phenylpyridine, and dmso = dimethylsulfoxide, and its reaction with 1 equiv of the biphosphine ligands bis(diphenylphosphino)amine, dppa, or bis(diphenylphosphino)methane, dppm, to give the complex [pt(c^n)cl(dppa)], 2, or [pt(c^n)c...
introduction acetic acid bacteria are large group of obligate aerobic gram negative bacteria with the ability to oxidize ethanol to acetic acid (1). they are widely distributed in natural habitats and classified in family acetobacteraceae. members of this family are useful in industrial production of vinegar(2). acetic acid bacteria (aab) can use substrates as glucose, ethanol, lactate or glyc...
Citrus stubborn disease is caused by the helical mollicute Spiroplasma citri. The pathogen is naturally transmitted by sap feeding leafhopper vectors. In the present study attempts were made to detect S. citri in presumptive vectors. Leafhoppers were collected from various wild and cultivated plants in citrus growing areas in Jirfot. Fifteen leafhopper species were identified and 12 species w...
in this study, antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of usnea intermedia, u. filipendula, and u. fulvoreagens and their stictic and usnic acid contents were investigated. antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents were evaluated in acetone, ethanol, and methanol extracts of these three species. antioxidant activity was measured by abts [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulp...
abstract the present work aims to determine fauna and abundance of hermit crabs in the southern qeshm island. for these aims, after preview of coastal zone, eight stations were selected in the intertidal zones of southern qeshm island. sampling in these stations was conducted during the dec. 2013. totally, 605 specimens of hermit crabs were studied and calculated. for identification and accurat...
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