In the present study, a global kinetic model of three-way-catalyst-coated gasoline particulate filters was developed to understand relevant mechanisms taking place both in clean and real soot-loaded filters. The involves reaction rate expressions for CO, C2H4, C7H8 conversion over Pd/CeZr/Al2O3 catalyst, hydrothermally treated at 650 °C. Particularly, new expression proposed ethylene based on d...

Emission systems and devices are required on automobile engines to reduce air pollution problems. Catalytic converters have been used on most 1975 and newer automobiles to reduce hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions to a value that meets the Environmental Protection Agency requirements established for 1975 and 1976. The 1980-1981 Boise, Idaho, study shows that with a functioning catal...

For battery-powered electronic products, one way to extend battery life is to use a versatile step-up/step-down DC-DC converter. A new versatile step-up/step-down switched-capacitor-based converter structure is proposed, and its efficiency is analyzed. In the step-down case, the efficiency is the same as, or even better than the efficiency of linear regulators. key words: DC-DC converter, switc...

The paper presents designing of a robust fault diagnosis system for a catalytic cracking process using artificial neural networks. Identification of the considered process is carried out by using recurrent neural networks. To achieve a robust fault diagnosis system, an uncertainty associated with the model is also taken into account. Neural version of the Model Error Modelling is used to deal w...

a one-way moldboard plow turns over soil in only one direction. problems created by this type of tillage in iran include compaction of boundary regions, decreased efficiency of irrigation and disruption of bed leveling, requiring the use of bed-leveling equipment every few years. to overcome these problems, the use of a two-way plow with two harrows which turns over the soil to both the left an...