the multilateral trading system as a sub-system of the present international system from its beginning as gatt in 1947, after scond world war, until now have been criticized by different countries. with the conversion of gatt into the wto in 1994, not only dissatisfaction of the countries with the performance of multilateral trading system have not gone away, but in many cases also have increas...

Credit risk management is an area where regulators expect banks to have transparent and auditable models, which would preclude the use of more accurate black-box models. Furthermore, opaqueness these models may hide unknown biases that lead unfair lending decisions. In this study, we show do not sacrifice prediction accuracy at cost model transparency be compliant with regulatory requirements. ...

At a time of global uncertainty, this theme issue Computer explores developments that could benefit humanity and the planet.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between stock futures fall risk with non-transparent financial reporting at three levels of size, efficiency and return on equity, in the period 2010 to 2014 was in Tehran Stock Exchange. The population of the study are all companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. Data collected and calculated by using Excel software Eviews 7 been ...