gamma knife is a new noninvasive method for treatment of patient with brain tumors. ‎another name of this procedure is steriotatic radiosurgery.‎‏ ‏this computerized advanced ‎technique was implicated by a team including neurosurgeon, neuroradialogist, oncologist, and ‎a nurse. this method is used for treatment of certain brain tumors and lesions. the benefits are ‎low risk of postoperative com...

Establishing and arriving at a Diagnosis is the key to treatment planning and often practitioners tend to create a treatment plan overlooking the fundamental principles that must be taken into consideration prior to performing implant surgeries. The sequential process of clinical examination, laboratory tests, radiographic analysis, diagnostic protocols of casts, wax ups, along with the treatme...

i Acknowledgements iii

background: the dosimetric performance of eclipse 6.5 three dimensional treatment planning system (3dtps) is evaluated by comparing the calculated and measured dose in two dimensions following the guide lines of american association for physicists in medicine task group 53. materials and methods: the calculations were performed by the 3dtps for symmetric as well as asymmetric fields for standar...

introduction: this study investigates to what extent the computed dose received by lung tissue in a commercially available treatment planning system (tps) for 192ir high-dose-rate breast brachytherapy is accurate in view of tissue inhomogeneities and presence of ribs. materials and methods: a ct scan of the breast was used to construct a patient-equivalent phantom in the clinical treatment plan...