As part of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) plasma fueling development program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has fabri injection system to test the mechanical and thermal properties of extruded tritium repeating single-stage pneumatic pellet injector, called the Tritium-Proof-of-Principle Phase II (TPOP-II) Pellet Injector, has a piston-driven mechanical extru...

Health effects of tritium, a β-emitter and a by-product of the nuclear industry, is a subject of significant controversy. This mouse in vivo study was undertaken to monitor biological effects of low level tritium exposure. Mice were exposed to tritiated drinking water (HTO) at 10 KBq/L, 1 MBq/L and 20 MBq/L concentrations for one month. The treatment did not result in a significant increase of ...

lxelrod (a), LaBrosse and Hertting (l), and Kopin, Axelrod, and Gordon (3), have found that radioactivity is excreted in the feces after intraperitoneal and intravenous administration of tritium-labeled epinephrine. To investigate the source of these labeled metabolites, we have simultaneously studied biliary and urinary excretion of tritium-labeled compounds after the infusion of nL-epinephrin...

T he last half century has seen great progress in environmental health protection. As part of this progress there has been a growing awareness that the focus must be the protection of those most at risk. The protection of children, in particular, has grown significantly in prominence. In the United States for example, There has also been a great deal of progress in radiation protection .known a...

Codeposition of fuel species with the various plasma-facing materials present in ITER is expected to be the primary source of tritium accumulation within the vacuum vessel. In this paper, the levels of retention in codeposited layers of each of the three ITER materials (C, Be and W) are compared. Scaling laws, based on the conditions during the codeposition process (surface temperature, inciden...

This numerical study provides the first simulation of the anthropogenic tritium invasion and its decay product helium-3 (He) in the Mediterranean Sea. The simulation covers the entire tritium (H) transient generated by the atmospheric nuclear weapons tests performed in the 1950s and early 1960s and is run till 2011. Tritium, helium-3 and their derived age estimates are particularly suitable for...

A general-purpose manifold is descd bed, which is useful for numerous proced ures involving trit ium gas and tritium-labeled mate rials. M ethods a re given in detail fOI' (a) converting t ritium gas to tritium oxide, (b) preparing tritium-labeled li thium borohy dride, and (c) conducting a variety of r eactions in a closed system. Auxilia ry equipment is shown, including water traps, reaction ...

Over the past year we have been able to demonstrate that a plasma loading method produces an exciting and unexpected amount of tritium from small palladium wires. In contrast to electrochemical hydrogen or deuterium loading of palladium, this method yields a reproducible tritium generation rate when various electrical and physical conditions are met. Small diameter wires (100 250 microns) have ...

The phenomenon of hydrogen absorption by metals, discovered about 100 years ago, nowadays demands some interest for technological reasons (hydrogen storage, fuel cells, hydrogen embrittle­ ment of construction materials). The palladium/hydrogen system claims for an exceptional position among the metal hydrides of the protonic type: because of its relative simplicity the Pd/H2-system serves as a...

We analyzed sputtering erosion and tritium codeposition for the ITER vertical target divertor design using erosion and plasma codes ( W B C / R E D E P / D E G A S + ) coupled to available materials data. Computations were made for a beryllium, carbon, and tungsten coated divertor plate, and for three edge plasma regimes. New data on tritium codeposition in beryllium was obtained with the triti...