INTRODUCTION Since, in future fusion reactors, the activity of tritium handled as the fuel is enormously large, i.e., about 10 TBq per a fusion reactor power of 1000 MW, it is necessary to develop more excellent handling technique of tritium and to store the research results related to the fusion reactor technology. In particular, it is expected that researchers and workers of the fusion reacto...

Large amounts of tritium may be used and may become a source of significant tritium release into the environment . The estimation of the accumulated dose in the human body due to tritium intake is an important subject for the protection of humans from the radiation hazard caused by internally deposited tritium. In mammals exposed to free water tritium, tritium dosimetry can be conveniently achi...

To establish a new technique for in-situ measurements of high-level tritium, applicability of the new measuring technique that is based on utilization of X-rays induced by β-rays from tritium was examined for three physical states of tritium such as gaseous tritium, aqueous tritium, and solid tritium retained on the surface and/or in bulk of the tritium-exposed materials in fusion reactors. It ...

An investigation was undertaken in relation to the contamination of a facility used for the servicing and refurbishment of gaseous tritium light devices. While it is generally accepted that there is minimal exposure hazard from a broken gaseous tritium light source after the tritium gas has dispersed, environmental tritium contamination displaying ‘particulate’ like characteristics was observed...

Tritium is the main fuel ingredient in the plasma of MFE and IFE systems based on the D-T fuel cycle. Since tritium is not a naturally existing isotope, attaining tritium selfsufficiency is necessary for self-sustaining fusion plants operating on the D-T fuel cycle. Tritium is bred in a lithium-containing blanket surrounding the plasma. Once tritium is generated, it needs to be collected, proce...

Direct measurement of tritium atoms by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) enables rapid low-activity tritium measurements from milligram-sized samples and permits greater ease of sample collection, faster throughput, and increased spatial and/or temporal resolution. Because existing methodologies for quantifying tritium have some significant limitations, the development of tritium AMS has allo...

Tritium released into the environment may be incorporated into organic matter. Organically bound tritium in that case will show retention times in organisms that are considerably longer than those of tritiated water which has significant consequences on dose estimates. This article reviews the most important processes of organically bound tritium production and transport through food networks. ...

Tritium behavior in the breeder/coolant plays a crucial role in keeping the tritium loss under an allowable limit and realizing high tritium recovery efficiency. In this paper, progress toward the development of a comprehensive 3D predictive capability is discussed and presented. The sequence of transport processes leading to tritium release includes diffusion and convection through the PbLi, t...

We develop a general equation for converting laboratory-reported tritium levels, expressed either as concentrations (tritium isotope number fractions) or mass-based specific activities, to mass fractions in aqueous systems. Assuming that all tritium is in the form of monotritiated water simplifies the derivation and is shown to be reasonable for most environmental settings encountered in practi...

The assay of tritium-labelled substances in faeces requires conversion of tritium into either tritium gas (Payne and Done, 1958) or tritium-labelled water. Belcher (1961) and Kremenchuzky, Musso, Hoffbrand, and Viola (1967) used wet oxidation of faeces followed by liquid scintillation counting, while Burns and Glass (1963) used dry oxidation in a bomb calorimeter. There is a need for a reproduc...