A phase field model for the mixture of two incompressible fluids is presented in this paper. The model is based on an energetic variational formulation. It consists of a Navier–Stokes system (linear momentum equation) coupled with a Cahn–Hilliard equation (phase field equation) through an extra stress term and the transport term. The extra stress represents the (phase induced) capillary effect ...

background: birth weight and gestational age are two important variables in obstetric research. the primary measure of gestational age is based on a mother's recall of her last menstrual period. this recall may cause random or systematic errors. therefore, the objective of this study is to utilize bayesian mixture model in order to identify implausible gestational age.   methods: in this cross-...

To operate effectively in complex environments learning agents have to selectively ignore irrelevant details by forming useful abstractions. In this paper we outline a formulation of abstraction for reinforcement learning approaches to stochastic decision problems by extending one of the recent minimization models, known as ǫ-reduction. The technique presented here extends ǫ-reduction to SMDPs ...

Chen (1996) has recently shown how the response matrix of a two-phase composite can be written as certain linear combinations of products of the component matrices. We elaborate on Chen's expansions by deriving them in a different way, which a. shows them in a different light, and b. permits us to generalize them further. As an application of our results we find exact microstructure-independent...

the growth rate and uniformity of carbon nano tubes (cnts) based on chemical vapor deposition (cvd) technique is investigated by using a numerical model. in this reactor, inlet gas mixture, including xylene as carbon source and mixture of argon and hydrogen as  carrier gas enters into a horizontal cvd reactor at atmospheric pressure. based on the gas phase and surface reactions, released carbon...

the sunn pest is a serious pest of cereals causing severe damage to cereals especially of wheat. its life cycle has two different phases, one is growth and development phase and the other is diapause phase which takes place in adult stage. in this study the effects of juvenile hormone analogue pyriproxyfen, ecdysone analogue methoxyfenozide and mixture of pyriproxyfen and methoxyfenozide on dia...

Laminar and turbulent mixed convection heat transfer of water/Cu nanofluids in a rectangular shallow cavity was studied utilizing a two-phase mixture model. The upper movable lid of the cavity was at a lower temperature compared to the bottom wall. Simulations were performed for Grashof numbers of 105 (laminar flow) and 1010 (turbulent flow) for Richardson numbers from 0.03 to 30, and nanoparti...

A two-dimensional, unsteady, isothermal and two-phase flow of reactant-product mixture in the air-side electrode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is studied numerically in the present study. The mixture is composed of oxygen, nitrogen, liquid water and water vapor. The governing equations are two species conservation, a single momentum equation for mobile mixture, liquid mass cons...