We discuss the nonabelian world-volume action which governs the dynamics of N coincident Dp-branes. In this theory, the branes’ transverse displacements are described by matrix-valued scalar fields, and so this is a natural physical framework for the appearance of noncommutative geometry. One example is the dielectric effect by which Dp-branes may be polarized into a noncommutative geometry by ...

A new method for the monohydrolysis of dicarboxylic esters is presented, involving as key step a silanolysis at elevated temperatures silica gel surface. In second step, surface bound silyl are cleaved off under mild conditions, giving straightforward and fast access to half esters. Based on recovered starting material generally yields well above 70 % achieved, both, with stiff aromatic flexibl...

The atomistic mechanism of dissolution reactions at mineral fluid interface is essential for understanding the reaction kinetics and adsorption thermodynamic equilibria surfaces. In this study we investigate initial state process on (0 1 0) surface pyrophyllite elevated pressure by applying large-scale ab initio Meta-Dynamics simulations. system setup provides a realistic representation clay ed...

We demonstrate molecular similarity to be a surprisingly effective metric for proposing and ranking one-step retrosynthetic disconnections based on analogy to precedent reactions. The developed approach mimics the retrosynthetic strategy defined implicitly by a corpus of known reactions without the need to encode any chemical knowledge. Using 40 000 reactions from the patent literature as a kno...

Braga-Goodenough all-solid-state Na-Fc and Li-MnO2 batteries demonstrate deposition of Na Li on the cathode during discharge. These reaction mechanisms were investigated in light generalized charge neutrality level experimental results Braga et al., two new types proposed. The mechanism is represented by a multi-step C[(CE)cC]n where C chemical step, E electrochemical c catalytic (CE) n denotes...

In this study, chemical or physical modifications on the surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes are carried out using either a three-step chemical treatment or a surfactant method. In the first scheme, following the conventional nanotube oxidation procedure, a novel reduction step involving the conversion of all the miscellaneous functional groups on the nanotube surface to hydroxyl groups is...

aluminum is very sensitive to oxidation reactions. if a fresh surface of melt is exposed to air, it oxidizes quickly and an oxide layer covers the melt surface. new oxide films formed in a very short time during casting are thin and folded. the metal surface can be folded and create a double-oxide film as a result of the melt turbulence. the entrance of this double-oxide film into the melt is o...